Coated hard alloy blade member

ABSTRACT

A coated hard alloy blade member is disclosed which includes a substrate formed of a hard alloy of a WC-based cemented carbide or a TiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating deposited on the substrate. The hard coating includes an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape and an outer layer of Al2O3 having a crystal form  kappa  or  kappa + alpha  wherein  kappa &gt; alpha . The resulting blade member is highly resistant to wear and fracturing, and possesses cutting ability of a higher level.

This application is a Division of application Ser. No. 08/398,533 Filedon Mar. 6, 1995, now allowed U.S. Pat. No. 5,920,760.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to coated hard alloy blade members orcutting tools having exceptional steel and cast iron cutting ability forboth continuous and interrupted cutting.

2. Background Art

Until now, the use of a coated cemented carbide cutting tool made byusing either chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition toapply a coating layer of an average thickness of 0.5-20 μm comprised ofeither multiple layers or a single layer of one or more of titaniumcarbide, titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride, titanium oxycarbide,titanium oxycarbonitride, and aluminum oxide (hereafter indicated byTiC, TiN, TiCN, TiCO, TICNO, and Al₂ O₃) onto a WC-based cementedcarbide substrate for cutting steel or cast iron has been widelyrecognized.

The most important technological advance that led to the wide usage ofthe above-mentioned coated cemented carbide cutting tool was, asdescribed in Japanese Patent Application No. 52-46347 and JapanesePatent Application No. 51-27171, the development of an exceptionallytough substrate wherein the surface layer of a WC-based cemented carbidesubstrate included a lot of Co, a binder metal, in comparison with theinterior, whereby the fracture resistance of the coated cemented carbidecutting tool rapidly improved.

In addition, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 52-156303and Japanese Patent Application No. 54-83745, the confirmation that, bysintering the WC-based cemented carbide containing nitrogen in adenitrifying atmosphere such as a vacuum, the surface layer of theWC-based cemented carbide substrate can be made from WC--Co which doesnot include a hard dispersed phase having a B-1 type crystal structure,whereby it is possible to cheaply produce WC-based cemented carbidehaving more Co in its surface layer than in the interior, was alsoimportant.

Concerning the advancement of the coating layer, coated cementedcarbides having coating layers wherein the X-ray diffraction peaks ofthe Ti compounds such as TiC, TiN, and TiCN have a strong (200)orientation and the Al₂ O₃ has an α-type crystal structure such asdescribed in Japanese Patent Application No. 61-231416 and coatedcemented carbides having coating layers wherein the X-ray diffractionpeaks of the Ti compounds such as TiC, TiN, and TiCN have a strong (220)orientation and the Al₂ O₃ has a κ-type crystal structure such asdescribed in Japanese Patent Application No. 62-29263 have littlevariation in the tool life.

Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application No. 2-156663 shows that acoated cemented carbide having a coating layer wherein the TiC has astrong (111) orientation and the Al₂ O₃ is of the κ-type has thefeatures that there is less spalling of the coating layer and has a longlife.

However, since the Ti compounds such as TiC of Japanese PatentApplication No. 61-231416, Japanese Patent Application No. 62-29263, andJapanese Patent Application No. 2-156663 are coated by the normal CVDmethod, the crystal structure is in a granular form identical to thecoating layers of the past, and the cutting ability was not alwayssatisfactory.

Additionally, Japanese Patent Application No. 50-16171 discloses thatcoating is possible with the use of organic gas for a portion of thereaction gas, at a relatively low temperature. In this patent, thecrystal structure of the coating layer is not described, andfurthermore, the crystal structure may have a granular form, or thecrystals may grow in one direction (elongated crystals) depending on thecoating conditions. Moreover, in the references given in this patent,the coating layer is made up of only TiCN, and Al₂ O₃ is not disclosed.Additionally, this TiCN had a low bonding strength with the substrate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In recent years cutting technology has shown remarkable progress towardsunmanned, high speed processes. Therefore, tools which are highlyresistant to wear and fracturing are required. Consequently, the presentinventors conducted research to develop a coated cemented carbidecutting tool having cutting ability of a higher level.

It was discovered that by coating the surface of a WC-based cementedcarbide substrate and a TiCN-based cermet substrate with TiCN havingcrystals growing in one direction (elongated crystals) as an innerlayer, and coating with Al₂ O₃ having a crystal structure κ or κ+αwherein κ>α as an outer layer, remarkable steel and cast iron cuttingability was shown for both continuous cutting and interrupted cutting.

Thus, the coated hard alloy blade member in accordance with the presentinvention comprises a substrate formed of a hard alloy selected from thegroup consisting of a WC-based cemented carbide and a TiCN-based cermet,and a hard coating deposited on said substrate, the hard coatingincluding an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals ofan elongated shape and an outer layer of Al₂ O₃ having a crystal form κor κ+α wherein κ>α.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a photograph of a coated cemented carbide blade member inaccordance with the present invention as taken by a scanning electronmicroscope.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The coated hard alloy blade member or cutting tool in accordance withthe present invention will now be described in detail.

As mentioned before, the coated hard alloy blade member in accordancewith the present invention comprises a substrate formed of a hard alloyselected from the group consisting of a WC-based cemented carbide and aTiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating deposited on said substrate, thehard coating including an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally growncrystals of an elongated shape and an outer layer of Al₂ O₃ having acrystal form κ or κ+α wherein κ>α.

In order to practicalize the present invention, it is first necessary tocoat the substrate with elongated crystal TiCN having high bondingstrength. If the conditions are such that, for example, during thecoating of the TiCN, the percentages of the respective volumes are:TiCl₄ : 1-10%, CH₃ CN: 0.1-5%, N₂ : 0-35%, H₂ : the rest, the reactiontemperature is 800-950 ° C., the pressure is 30-500 Torr, andfurthermore, the CH₃ CN gas is decreased to 0.01-0.1% at the beginningof the coating as a first coating reaction for 1-120 minutes, then theCH₃ CN gas is increased to 0.1-1% as a second coating reaction, thenelongated crystal TiCN having high bonding strength can be obtained. Thethickness of the TiCN coating layer should preferably be 1-20 μm. Thisis because at less than 1 μm the wear resistance worsens, and at morethan 20 μm the fracture resistance worsens.

Furthermore, during the coating of the TiCN, if the reaction temperatureor the amount of CH₃ CN is increased, the (200) plane component of theX-ray diffraction pattern of the TiCN becomes weaker than the (111) and(220) plane components, the bonding strength with the Al₂ O₃ in theupper layer which has κ as its main form increases, and the wearresistance goes up.

Next, Al₂ O₃ of κ form or κ+α form wherein form κ>α is coated. Forcoating Al₂ O₃ which has κ as its principal form, the conditions shouldbe such that, for example, the reaction gas is made up of the followingvolume percentages in the first 1-120 minutes: AlCl₃ : 1-20%, HCl: 1-20%and/or H₂ S: 0.05-5% as needed, and H₂ : the rest, and a first reactionbe performed, then afterwards, a second reaction is performed in whichAlCl₃ : 1-20%, CO₂ : 0.5-30%, HCl: 1-20% and/or H₂ S: 0.05-5% as needed,and H₂ : the rest, with the conditions of a reaction temperature of850-1000° C. and pressure of 30-500 Torr.

The thickness of this Al₂ O₃ coating layer should preferably be 0.1-10μm. At less than 0.1 μm the wear resistance worsens, while at over 10 μmthe fracturing resistance worsens.

The combined thickness of the first TiCN layer and the second Al₂ O₃layer should preferably be 2-30 μm.

The K ratio of the κ+α Al₂ O₃ of the present invention uses a peak fromCu-κα X-ray diffraction, and is determined the following equation,wherein if κ>α then the κ ratio is over 50%.

    ______________________________________                                         ##STR1##                                                                 

    ______________________________________                                        wherein                                                                              I.sub.κ2.79 :                                                                    The height of the X-ray diffraction peak for                                                     ASTM No. 4-0878 with a plane index                         spacing of                                                                                       d = 2.79                                                  I.sub.κ1.43 :                                                              The height of the X-ray diffraction peak for                                                   ASTM No. 4-0878 with a plane index                         spacing of                                                                                       d = 1.43                                                  I.sub.α2.085 :                                                            The height of the X-ray diffraction peak for                                                    ASTM No. 10-173 with a plane index                         spacing of                                                                                       d = 2.085 (the (113) plane)                               I.sub.α1.601 :                                                            The height of the X-ray diffraction peak for                                                    ASTM No. 10-173 with a plane index                         spacing of                                                                                       d = 1.601 (the (116)                       ______________________________________                                                        plane)                                                    

As further modified embodiments of the present invention, the followingare included.

(1) As an outermost layer, either one or both of TiN or TiCN may becoated on the outer Al₂ O₃ layer. The reason for this coating layer isto discriminate between areas of use, and a thickness of 0.1-2 μm ispreferable.

(2) As an innermost layer, either one or more of TiN, TiC, or TiCN(granular form) may be coated underneath the inner TiCN layer. Bycoating with this innermost layer, the bonding strength of the elongatedcrystal TiCN improves and the wear resistance improves. The mostpreferable thickness for this coating is 0.1-5 μm.

(3) Between the inner TiCN layer and the outer Al₂ O₃ layer, either oneor more of TiN, TiC, or TiCN (granular form) may be coated as a firstintermediate layer. This first intermediate layer improves the wearresistance during low speed cutting. However, during high speed cutting,it worsens the wear resistance. The most preferable thickness for thisfirst intermediate layer is 1-7 μm.

(4) Between the inner TiCN layer and the outer Al₂ O₃ layer, either oneor both of TiCO, TiCNO is coated as a second intermediate layer. Thissecond intermediate layer increases the bonding strength between theelongated crystal TiCN and the κ or κ+α form Al₂ O₃. The most preferablethickness of this second intermediate layer is 0.1-2μm.

(5) It is possible to combine the above-mentioned (1)-(4) asappropriate.

(6) The inner layer coated with elongated crystal TiCN may be divided byone or more TiN layers to define a divided TiCN layer. This divided TiCNlayer is less susceptible to chipping, and the fracture resistanceimproves.

(7) With the divided elongated TiCN described above and the κ or κ+αform Al₂ O₃, it is possible to coat with an outermost layer of one orboth of TiN or TiCN as in (1) above, coat with an innermost layer of oneor more of TiN, TiC, or TiCN as in (2) above, coat with a firstintermediate layer of one or more of TiC, TiN, or TiCN as in (3) above,coat with a second intermediate layer of one or both of TiCO or TiCNO asin (4) above, or to take a combination of them.

(8) The most preferable composition of the WC-based cemented carbidesubstrate is, by the percentage of weight, as follows:

    ______________________________________                                        Co:     4-12%    Ti:       0-7%    Ta:  0-7%                                  Nb:     0-4%     Cr:       0-2%                                               N:      0-1%     W and C:  the rest                                           ______________________________________                                    

Unavoidable impurities such as O, Fe, Ni, and Mo are also included.

(9) For the WC-based cemented carbide of the present invention, forlathe turning of steel, it is preferable that the cemented carbide besuch that the amount of Co or Co+Cr in the surface portion (the highestvalue from the surface to within 100 μm) be 1.5 to 5 times the amount inthe interior (1 mm from the surface), and for lathe turning of castiron, it is preferable that there is no enrichment of the Co or Co+Cr,and that the amount of Co or Co+Cr be small. Furthermore, in the case ofsteel milling, cemented carbide in which there has been no enrichment ofthe Co or Co+Cr, and the amount of Co or Co+Cr is large, is preferable.

(10) The most preferable composition of the TiCN-based cermet substrateis, by the percentage of weight, as follows:

    ______________________________________                                        Co:       2-14%    Ni:       2-12%  Ta:  2-20%                                Nb:       0.1-10%  W:        5-30%  Mo:  5-20%                                N:        2-8%     Ti and C: the rest                                         Cr, V, Zr, Hf:                                                                          0-5%                                                                ______________________________________                                    

Unavoidable impurities such as O and Fe are included.

(11) In the TiCN-based cermet of the present invention, the substratesurface layer (the largest value within 100 μm of the surface) should be5% or more harder than the interior (1 mm from the surface) or thereshould be no difference between the hardnesses of the surface layer andthe interior.

The present invention will be explained in more detail by way of thefollowing examples.

EXAMPLE 1

As the raw materials, medium grain WC powder having an average particlesize of 3 μm, 5 μm coarse grain WC powder, 1.5 μm (Ti, W)C (by weightratio, TiC/WC=30/70) powder, 1.2 μm (Ti, W)(C, N) (TiC/TiN/WC=24/20/56)powder, 1.5 μm Ti(C, N) (TiC/TiN=50/50) powder, 1.6 μm (Ta, Nb)C(TaC/NbC=90/10) powder, 1.8 μm TaC powder, 1.1 μm Mo₂ C powder, 1.7 μmZrC powder, 1.8 μm Cr₃ C₂ powder, 2.0 μm Ni powder, 2.2 μm NiAl (Al: 31%by weight) powder, and 1.2 μm Co powder were prepared, then these rawmaterial powders were blended in the compositions shown in Table 1 andwet-mixed in a ball mill for 72 hours. After drying, they werepress-shaped into green compacts of the form of ISO CNMG 120408(cemented carbide substrates A-D, cermet substrates F-G) and SEEN 42AFTN 1 (cemented carbide substrates E and E'), then these green compactswere sintered under the conditions described in Table 1, thus resultingin the production of cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermetsubstrates F-G.

Experimental values taken at over 1 mm from the surface of the sinteredcompacts of the cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and the cermetsubstrates F-G are as shown in Table 2.

Furthermore, in the case of the above cemented carbide substrate B,after maintenance in an atmosphere of CH₄ gas at 100 torr and atemperature of 1400° C. for 1 hour, a gradually cooling carburizingprocedure was run, then, by removing the carbon and Co attached to thesubstrate surface using acid and barrel polishing, a Co-rich region 40μm deep was formed in the substrate surface layer wherein, at a position10 μm from the surface the maximum Co content was 15% by weight.

Additionally, in the case of cemented carbide substrates A and D above,while sintered, a Co-rich region 20 μm deep was formed wherein, at aposition 15 μm from the surface, the maximum Co content was 1 1% and 9%by weight, respectively, and in the remaining cemented carbidesubstrates C, E and E', no Co-rich region was formed, and they hadsimilar compositions over their entirety.

In the above cermet substrates F and G, in the sintered state, a surfacelayer harder than the interior existed. The hardnesses at the surfaceand 1 mm below the surface for the cermet substrates F and G are shownin Table 2.

Next, after honing the surfaces of the cemented carbide substrates A-E,E' and cermet substrates F and G, by forming coating layers under thespecial coating conditions shown in Tables 3(a) and 3(b) and having thecompositions, crystal structures, orientation of TiCN (shown, startingfrom the left, in the order of the intensity of the corresponding X-raydiffraction peak) and average thicknesses shown in Table 4 by using achemical vapor deposition apparatus, the coated cemented carbide cuttingtools of the present invention 1-12 and 15-26, the coated cermet cuttingtools of the present invention 13, 14, 27, and 28, the coated cementedcarbide cutting tools of the prior art 1-12 and 15-26, and the coatedcermet cutting tools 13, 14, 27, and 28 of the prior art were produced.

Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the presentinvention 1-10 and 15-24, and the coated cemented carbide cutting toolsof the prior art 1-10 and 15-24, a mild steel continuous cutting testwas performed under the following conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:         mild steel round bar                                       Cutting Speed:     270 m/min                                                  Feed:              0.25 mm/rev                                                Depth of Cut:      2 mm                                                       Cutting Time:      30 min                                                     ______________________________________                                    

in which a determination was made whether or not the cutting failed dueto tears made in the workpiece because of chipping of the cutting bladeor spalling of the coating layer. Then, for those which were able to cutfor the set period of time, the amount of flank wear was measured.Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under thefollowing conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:      mild steel round bar with groove                              Cutting Speed:  250 m/min                                                     Feed:           0.25 mm/rev                                                   Depth of Cut:   1.5 mm                                                        Cutting Time:   40 min                                                        ______________________________________                                    

in which a determination was made whether or not the cutting failed dueto trouble such as fracturing or chipping of the cutting blade. Then,for those which were able to cut for the set period of time, the amountof flank wear was measured.

For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention11, 12, 25 and 26, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of theprior art 11, 12, 25 and 26, a mild steel milling test was performedunder the following conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:        mild steel square block                                     Cutting Speed:    250 m/min                                                   Feed:             0.35 mm/tooth                                               Depth of Cut:     2.5 mm                                                      Cutting Time:     40 min                                                      ______________________________________                                    

in which a determination was made whether or not the milling failed dueto trouble such as chipping of the cutting blade. Then, for those whichwere able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wearwas measured.

For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 13, 14, 27and 28, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 13, 14, 27and 28, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under thefollowing conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:         mild steel round bar                                       Cutting Speed:     320 m/min                                                  Feed:              0.25 mm/rev                                                Depth of Cut:      1 mm                                                       Cutting Time:      20 min                                                     ______________________________________                                    

in which a determination was made whether or not the cutting failed dueto chipping or fracturing of the cutting blade. Then, for those whichwere able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wearwas measured. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performedunder the following conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:      mild steel round bar with groove                              Cutting Speed:  300 m/min                                                     Feed:           0.20 mm/rev                                                   Depth of Cut:   1 mm                                                          Cutting Time:   20 min                                                        ______________________________________                                    

in which a determination was made whether or not the cutting failed dueto trouble such as chipping of the cutting blade. Then, for those whichwere able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wearwas measured.

The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 4-7. As is able to beseen from Tables 4-7, all of the coated cemented carbide cutting toolsand coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention demonstrate theproperties that it is difficult to fracture or chip the cutting bladesand spalling of the coating layers is rare, in addition to exhibitingsuperior wear and fracture resistance.

EXAMPLE 2

Using the same cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substratesF and G as Example 1, under the same coating conditions as shown inTables 3(a) and 3(b) in Example 1, by forming coating layers of thecomposition, crystal structures, and average thicknesses shown in Tables8 and 9, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the presentinvention 29-40, the coated cermet cutting tools of the presentinvention 41 and 42, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of theprior art 29-40, and the coated cermet cutting tools 41 and 42 of theprior art were produced.

Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the presentinvention 29-38, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of theprior art 29-38, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performedunder the following conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:         mild steel round bar                                       Cutting Speed:     250 m/min                                                  Feed:              0.27 mm/rev                                                Depth of Cut:      2 mm                                                       Cutting Time:      30 min                                                     ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore,an interrupted cutting test was performed under the followingconditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:      mild steel round bar with groove                              Cutting Speed:  230 m/min                                                     Feed:           0.27 mm/rev                                                   Depth of Cut:   1.5 mm                                                        Cutting Time:   40 min                                                        ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention39 and 40, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the priorart 39 and 40, a mild steel milling test was performed under thefollowing conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:        mild steel square block                                     Cutting Speed:    230 m/min                                                   Feed:             0.37 mm/tooth                                               Depth of Cut:     2.5 mm                                                      Cutting Time:     40 min                                                      ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 41 and 42,and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 41 and 42, a mildsteel continuous cutting test was performed under the followingconditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:         mild steel round bar                                       Cutting Speed:     300 m/min                                                  Feed:              0.27 mm/rev                                                Depth of Cut:      1 mm                                                       Cutting Time:      20 min                                                     ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore,an interrupted cutting test was performed under the followingconditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:      mild steel round bar with groove                              Cutting Speed:  280 m/min                                                     Feed:           0.22 mm/rev                                                   Depth of Cut:   1 mm                                                          Cutting Time:   20 min                                                        ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 8, 9(a) and 9(b). Asis able to be seen from Tables 8, 9(a) and 9(b), all of the coatedcemented carbide cutting tools and coated cermet cutting tools of thepresent invention demonstrate the properties that it is difficult tofracture or chip the cutting blades and spalling of the coating layersis rare, in addition to exhibiting superior wear and fractureresistance.

EXAMPLE 3

Using the same cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substratesF and G as Example 1, under the same coating conditions as shown inTables 3(a) and 3(b) in Example 1, by forming coating layers of thecomposition, crystal structures, and average thickness shown in Tables10-13, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the presentinvention 43-54 and 57-68, the coated cermet cutting tools of thepresent invention 55,56, 69 and 70, the coated cemented carbide cuttingtools of the prior art 43-54 and 57-68, and the coated cermet cuttingtools 55, 56, 69 and 70 of the prior art were produced. FIG. 1 shows aphotograph of the surface layer of the coated cemented carbide cuttingtool of the present invention as taken by a scanning electronmicroscope.

Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the presentinvention 43-52 and 57-66, and the coated cemented carbide cutting toolsof the prior art 43-52 and 57-66, a mild steel continuous cutting testwas performed under the following conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:         mild steel round bar                                       Cutting Speed:     280 m/min                                                  Feed:              0.23 mm/rev                                                Depth of Cut:      2 mm                                                       Cutting Time:      30 min                                                     ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore,an interrupted cutting test was performed under the followingconditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:      mild steel round bar with groove                              Cutting Speed:  260 m/min                                                     Feed:           0.23 mm/rev                                                   Depth of Cut:   1.5 mm                                                        Cutting Time:   40 min                                                        ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention53, 54, 67 and 68, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of theprior art 53, 54, 67 and 68, a mild steel milling test was performedunder the following conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:        mild steel square block                                     Cutting Speed:    260 m/min                                                   Feed:             0.33 mm/tooth                                               Depth of Cut:     2.5 mm                                                      Cutting Time:     40 min                                                      ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 55, 56, 69and 70, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 55, 56, 69and 70, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under thefollowing conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:         mild steel round bar                                       Cutting Speed:     330 m/min                                                  Feed:              0.23 mm/rev                                                Depth of Cut:      1 mm                                                       Cutting Time:      20 min                                                     ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore,an interrupted cutting test was performed under the followingconditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:      mild steel round bar with groove                              Cutting Speed:  310 m/min                                                     Feed:           0.18 mm/rev                                                   Depth of Cut:   1 mm                                                          Cutting Time:   20 min                                                        ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 10-13. As is able tobe seen from Tables 10-13, all of the coated cemented carbide cuttingtools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present inventiondemonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip thecutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in additionto exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.

EXAMPLE 4

Using the same cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substratesF and G as Example 1, under the same coating conditions as shown inTables 3(a) and 3(b) in Example 1, by forming coating layers of thecomposition, crystal structures, and average thicknesses shown in Tables14-17, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the presentinvention 71-82 and 85-96, the coated cermet cutting tools of thepresent invention 83, 84, 97 and 98, the coated cemented carbide cuttingtools of the prior art 71-82 and 85-96, and the coated cermet cuttingtools 83, 84, 97 and 98 of the prior art were produced.

Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the presentinvention 71-80 and 85-94, and the coated cemented carbide cutting toolsof the prior art 71-80 and 85-94, a mild steel continuous cutting testwas performed under the following conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:         mild steel round bar                                       Cutting Speed:     260 m/min                                                  Feed:              0.26 mm/rev                                                Depth of Cut:      2 mm                                                       Cutting Time:      30 min                                                     ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore,an interrupted cutting test was performed under the followingconditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:      mild steel round bar with groove                              Cutting Speed:  240 m/min                                                     Feed:           0.26 mm/rev                                                   Depth of Cut:   1.5 mm                                                        Cutting Time:   40 min                                                        ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention81, 82, 95 and 96, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of theprior art 81, 82, 95 and 96, a mild steel milling test was performedunder the following conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:        mild steel square block                                     Cutting Speed:    240 m/min                                                   Feed:             0.36 mm/tooth                                               Depth of Cut:     2.5 mm                                                      Cutting Time:     40 min                                                      ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 83, 84, 97and 98, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 83, 84, 97and 98, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under thefollowing conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:         mild steel round bar                                       Cutting Speed:     310 m/min                                                  Feed:              0.26 mm/rev                                                Depth of Cut:      1 mm                                                       Cutting Time:      20 min                                                     ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore,an interrupted cutting test was performed under the followingconditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:      mild steel round bar with groove                              Cutting Speed:  290 m/min                                                     Feed:           0.21 mm/rev                                                   Depth of Cut:   1 mm                                                          Cutting Time:   20 min                                                        ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 14-17. As is able tobe seen from Tables 14-17, all of the coated cemented carbide cuttingtools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present inventiondemonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip thecutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in additionto exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.

EXAMPLE 5

Using the same cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substratesF and G as Example 1, under the same coating conditions as shown inTables 3(a) and 3(b) in Example 1, by forming coating layers of thecomposition, crystal structures, and average thicknesses shown in Tables18-21, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the presentinvention 99-112 and 122-126, the coated cermet cutting tools of thepresent invention 113-121, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools ofthe prior art 99-112 and 122-126, and the coated cermet cutting tools113-121 of the prior art were produced.

Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the presentinvention 99-112, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of theprior art 99-112, a mild steel high-feed continuous cutting test wasperformed under the following conditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:         mild steel round bar                                       Cutting Speed:     210 m/min                                                  Feed:              0.38 mm/rev                                                Depth of Cut:      2 mm                                                       Cutting Time:      30 min                                                     ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, adeep cut interrupted cutting test was performed under the followingconditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:         mild steel round bar                                       Cutting Speed:     210 m/min                                                  Feed:              0.23 mm/rev                                                Depth of Cut:      4 mm                                                       Cutting Time:      40 min                                                     ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention122-126, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art122-126, a mild steel milling test was performed under the followingconditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:        mild steel square block                                     Cutting Speed:    260 m/min                                                   Feed:             0.33 mm/tooth                                               Depth of Cut:     3 mm                                                        Cutting Time:     40 min                                                      ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 113-121,and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 113-121, a mildsteel continuous cutting test was performed under the followingconditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:         mild steel round bar                                       Cutting Speed:     340 m/min                                                  Feed:              0.22 mm/rev                                                Depth of Cut:      1 mm                                                       Cutting Time:      20 min                                                     ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore,an interrupted cutting test was performed under the followingconditions,

    ______________________________________                                        Workpiece:      mild steel round bar with groove                              Cutting Speed:  320 m/min                                                     Feed:           0.17 mm/rev                                                   Depth of Cut:   1 mm                                                          Cutting Time:   20 min                                                        ______________________________________                                    

and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.

The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 18-21. As is able tobe seen from Tables 18-21, all of the coated cemented carbide cuttingtools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present inventiondemonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip thecutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in additionto exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.

Finally, the present applications claims the priorities of JapanesePatent Applications Nos. 6-141100, 6-141101, 6-141122 and 6-141123 filedMay 31, 1994, Japanese Patent Applications Nos. 6-156842, 6-156843,6-156844 and 6-156845 filed Jun. 15, 1994, and Japanese PatentApplication (No. is not fixed yet) filed Sep. 19, 1994, which are allincorporated herein by reference.

                                      TABLE 1                                     __________________________________________________________________________                                       Sintering Conditions                       Blend Composition (% by weight)           Temperature                                                                         Holding                       Type Co (Ti, W)C                                                                           (Ti, W)CN                                                                           (Ta, Nb)C                                                                          Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2                                                                  WC     Pressure                                                                             (°C.)                                                                        Time (hours)                  __________________________________________________________________________    Cemented                                                                      Carbide                                                                       Substrate                                                                     A    6  --   6     4    --  Balance                                                                              Vacuum 1380  1                                                         (medium grain)                                                                       (0.10 torr)                                B    5  5    --    5    --  Balance                                                                              Vacuum 1450  1                                                         (medium grain)                                                                       (0.05 torr)                                C    9  8    --    5    --  Balance                                                                              Vacuum 1380  1.5                                                       (medium grain)                                                                       (0.05 torr)                                D    5  --   5     3    --  Balance                                                                              Vacuum 1410  1                                                         (medium grain)                                                                       (0.05 torr)                                E    10 --   --    2    --  Balance                                                                              Vacuum 1380  1                                                         (coarse grain)                                                                       (0.05 torr)                                E    10 --   --    --   0.7 Balance                                                                              Vacuum 1360  1                                                         (coarse grain)                                                                       (0.05 torr)                                Cermet                                                                        Substrate                                                                     F    30.2 TiC-23 TiN-10 TaC-13 WC-10 Mo.sub.2 C-0.5 ZrC-8                                                        Vacuum 1500  1.5                                5 Ni-0.3 NiAl                 (0.10 torr)                                G    57 TiCN-10 TaC-1 NbC-9 WC-9 Mo.sub.2 C-7 Co-7 Ni                                                            N.sub.2 Atmosphere                                                                   1520  1.5                                                              (10 torr)                                  __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 2                                     __________________________________________________________________________                                    Hardness                                                                      Interior                                                                          Surface                                   Composition of Sintered Body (% by weight)                                                                    (HRA)                                                                             (HRA)                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Cemented                                                                      Carbide                                                                       Substrate                                                                     A    6.1 Co-2.1 Ti-3.4 Ta-0.4 Nb-Rest (W + C)                                                                 90.5                                                                              --                                        B    5.2 Co-1.2 Ti-4.2 Ta-0.4 Nb-Rest (W + C)                                                                 91.0                                                                              --                                        C    9.0 Co-1.9 Ti-4.3 Ta-0.4 Nb-Rest (W + C)                                                                 90.3                                                                              --                                        D    5.2 Co-1.7 Ti-2.5 Ta-0.3 Nb-Rest (W + C)                                                                 91.1                                                                              --                                        E    9.8 Co-1.7 Ta-0.2 Nb-Rest (W + C)                                                                        89.7                                                                              --                                        E    9.8 Co-0.6 Cr-Rest (W + C) 89.8                                                                              --                                        Cermet                                                                        Substrate                                                                     F    9.4 Ta-12.2 W-9.4 Mo-0.4 Zr-7.9 Co-5.1 Ni-0.1 Al-3.8                                                     91.7                                                                              92.2                                           Rest (Ti + C)                                                            G    9.5 Ta-0.9 Nb-8.5 W-8.5 Ho-7.1 Co-7.0 Ni-6.8 N-Rest (Ti                                                  91.6                                                                              92.6                                      __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 3(a)                                  __________________________________________________________________________    [Coating Conditions]                                                                X-ray                     Temperature                                                                         Pressure                                Composition                                                                         Orientation                                                                           Gas Composition (% by volume)                                                                   (°C.)                                                                        (Torr)                                  __________________________________________________________________________    Innermost     TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :5, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                       1020  50                                      Layer                                                                         Granular TiC                                                                  Innermost     TiCl.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :25, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                       920   50                                      Layer                                                                         Granular                                                                      TiN                                                                           Innermost     TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :4, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest                                          1020  50                                      Layer                                                                         Granular                                                                      TiCN                                                                          Inner Layer                                                                         (111) (220) (200)                                                                     First Reaction-   860   50                                      Elongated     TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.05, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest     TiCN          Second Reaction-                                                              TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.6, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest      Inner Layer                                                                         (220) (111) (200)                                                                     First Reaction-   900   50                                      Elongated     TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.05, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest     TiCN          Second Reaction-                                                              TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.6, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest      Inner Layer                                                                         (111) (200) (220)                                                                     First Reaction-   860   50                                      Elongated     TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.05, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest     TiCN          Second Reaction-                                                              TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.3, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest      Inner Layer                                                                         (220) (200) (111)                                                                     First Reaction-   900   50                                      Elongated     TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.3 CN:0.05, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest     TiCN          Second Reaction-                                                              TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.3 CN:0.3, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest      Inner Layer                                                                         (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.4 :6, N.sub.2 :2, H.sub.2 :Rest                                           1050  500                                     Granular                                                                      TiCN                                                                          Inner Layer                                                                         (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.4 :4, N.sub.2 :2, H.sub.2 :Rest                                           1050  500                                     Granular                                                                      TiCN                                                                          Inner Layer                                                                         (200) (220) (111)                                                                     TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :2, H.sub.2 :Rest                                           1000  100                                     Granular                                                                      TiCN                                                                          Divided       TiCl.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :25, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                       900   200                                     Layer                                                                         Granular                                                                      TiN                                                                           Divided       TiCl.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :25, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                       860   200                                     Layer                                                                         Granular                                                                      TiN                                                                           First         TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :5, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                       1020  50                                      Intermediate                                                                  Layer                                                                         Granular TiC                                                                  First                                                                         Intermediate  TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :4, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest                                          1020  50                                      Layer                                                                         Granular                                                                      TiCN                                                                          Second                                                                        Intermediate  TiCl.sub.4 :4, CO:6. H.sub.2 :Rest                                                              960   50                                      Layer                                                                         Granular                                                                      TiCO                                                                          Second        TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :1.5,                                                       1000ub.2 :0.5,                                                                      50                                      Intermediate  H.sub.2 :Rest                                                   Layer                                                                         Granular                                                                      TiCNO                                                                         __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 3(b)                                  __________________________________________________________________________           X-ray                  Temperature                                                                         Pressure                                  Composition                                                                          Orientation                                                                         Gas Composition (% capacity)                                                                   (°C.)                                                                        (Torr)                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Outer Layer                                                                          100%κ                                                                         First Reaction-AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                   970   50                                        Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                           Second Reaction-                                                              AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :5%, H.sub.2 S:0.3, H.sub.2 :Rest       Outer Layer                                                                          94%κ                                                                          First Reaction-AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                   970   50                                        Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                           Second Reaction-                                                              AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :5%, H.sub.2 :Rest                      Outer Layer                                                                          85%κ                                                                          First Reaction-AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                   980   50                                        Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                           Second Reaction-                                                              AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :6%, H.sub.2 S:0.2, H.sub.2 :Rest       Outer Layer                                                                          73%κ                                                                          First Reaction-AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                   980   50                                        Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                           Second Reaction-                                                              AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :6%, H.sub.2 :Rest                      Outer Layer                                                                          62%κ                                                                          First Reaction-AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                   990   50                                        Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                           Second Reaction-                                                              AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :7%, H.sub.2 S:0.2, H.sub.2 :Rest       Outer Layer                                                                          55%κ                                                                          First Reaction-  1000  50                                        Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                           AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                 Second Reaction-                                                              AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :8%, H.sub.2 :Rest                      Outer Layer                                                                          40%κ                                                                          First Reaction-  1010  50                                        Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                           AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 S:0.05, H.sub.2 :Rest                                 Second Reaction-                                                              AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :9%, H.sub.2 S:0.1, H.sub.2 :Rest       Outer Layer                                                                          100%α                                                                         AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :10%, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                   1020  100                                       Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                              Outermost    TiCl.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :30, H.sub.2 :Rest                                                      1020  200                                       Layer                                                                         Granular TiN                                                                  Outermost    TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :4, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest                                         1020  200                                       Layer                                                                         Granular TiN                                                                  __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 4                                     __________________________________________________________________________              Hard Coating Layer                       Flank Wear                           Inner Layer        Outer Layer                                                                              Outermost Layer                                                                          (mm)                            Substrate  Crystal            Crystal    Crystal                                                                            Continuous                                                                          Interrupted          Type Symbol                                                                             Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                           Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                             Cutting              __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                        Cementing                                                                     Carbide                                                                       Cutting                                                                       of the                                                                        Invention                                                                     1    A    TiCN(8.4)                                                                           Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.2)                                                              κ:94%                                                                        TiN(0.5)                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.17  0.26                                 Growth                                                        2    A    TiCN(5.5)                                                                           Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (6.2)                                                              κ:85%     0.19  0.28                                 Growth                                                        3    A    TiCN(11.4)                                                                          Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)(200)                                                                       Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.8)                                                              κ:100%                                                                       TiCN- Granular                                                                           0.19  0.31                                 Growth                  TiN(0.7)                              4    B    TiCN(8.2)                                                                           Elongated                                                                          (111)(200)(220)                                                                       Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.1)                                                              κ:100%                                                                       TiN(0.4)                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.17  0.31                                 Growth                                                        5    B    TiCN(5.1)                                                                           Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (5.2)                                                              κ:73%     0.21  0.26                                 Growth                                                        6    C    TiCN(10.2)                                                                          Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)(200)                                                                       Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.2)                                                              κ:55%                                                                        TiN(0.3)                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.22  0.31                                 Growth                                                        7    C    TiCN(5.4)                                                                           Elongated                                                                          (220)(200)(111)                                                                       Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.9)                                                              κ:62%                                                                        TiN(0.6)                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.26  0.34                                 Growth                                                        8    D    TiCN(6.4)                                                                           Elongated                                                                          (111)(220) (200)                                                                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (5.7)                                                              κ:73%                                                                        TiN(0.2)                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.16  0.26                                 Growth                                                        9    D    TiCN(3.7)                                                                           Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)(200)                                                                       Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (8.2)                                                              κ:62%     0.17  0.30                                 Growth                                                        10   D    TiCN(7.9)                                                                           Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)(200)                                                                       Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.5)                                                              κ:100%    0.18  0.26                                 Growth                                                        11   E    TiCN(4.2)                                                                           Elongated                                                                          (220)(111) (200)                                                                      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.5)                                                              κ:100%    0.17  (Milling)                            Growth                                                        12   .sup. E'                                                                           TiCN(4.0)                                                                           Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.4)                                                              κ:94%                                                                        TiN(0.3)                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.19  (Milling)                            Growth                                                        13   F    TiCN(4.6)                                                                           Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.4)                                                              κ:100%                                                                       TiN(0.4)                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.16  0.29                                 Growth                                                        14   G    TiCN(3.2)                                                                           Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.8)                                                              κ:94%                                                                        TiN(0.2)                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.16  0.27                                 Growth                                                        __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 5                                     __________________________________________________________________________              Hard Coating Layer                       Flank Wear                           Inner Layer        Outer Layer                                                                              Outermost Layer                                                                          (mm)                            Substrate  Crystal            Crystal    Crystal                                                                            Continuous                                                                          Interrupted          Type Symbol                                                                             Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                           Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                             Cutting              __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                        Cementing                                                                     Carbide                                                                       Cutting                                                                       Tools of                                                                      Prior Art                                                                     1    A    TiCN(8.5)                                                                           Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.0)                                                              α:100%                                                                       TiN(0.5)                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.47  0.60                                                                    (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)           2    A    TiCN(5.4)                                                                           Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (6.0)                                                              α:100%    0.52  0.56                                                                    (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)           3    A    TiCN(11.3)                                                                          Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.9)                                                              κ:40%                                                                        TiCN- Granular                                                                           0.52  0.65                                                         TiN(0.8)   (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)           4    B    TiCN(8.1)                                                                           Granular                                                                           (200) (220) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.2)                                                              α:100%                                                                       TiN(0.3)                                                                            Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                                                 12.8                                                                                7.5 min.                                                                due   due to                                                                  to Layer                                                                            Layer                                                                   Separation                                                                          Separation           5    B    TiCN(4.9)                                                                           Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (5.2)                                                              α:100%    Failure                                                                             Failure                                                                 10.7                                                                                5.3 min.                                                                due   due to                                                                  to Layer                                                                            Layer                                                                   Separation                                                                          Separation           6    C    TiCN(10.3)                                                                          Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.1)                                                              α:100%                                                                       TiN(0.4)                                                                            Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                                                 5.6 min.                                                                            0.8 min.                                                                due to                                                                              due to                                                                  Layer Fracturing                                                              Separation                 7    C    TiCN(5.5)                                                                           Granular                                                                           (200) (220) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.1)                                                              κ:40%                                                                        TiN(0.5)                                                                            Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                                                 10.4                                                                                3.2 min.                                                                due   due to                                                                  to Layer                                                                            Fracturing                                                              Separation                 8    D    TiCN(6.5)                                                                           Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (5.6)                                                              α:100%                                                                       TiN(0.3)                                                                            Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                                                 17.1                                                                                7.9 min.                                                                due   due to                                                                  to Chipping                                                                         Chipping             9    D    TiCN(3.8)                                                                           Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (6.4)                                                              κ:40%     Failure                                                                             Failure                                                                 15.4                                                                                5.2 min.                                                                due   due to                                                                  to Chipping                                                                         Chipping             10   D    TiCN(7.7)                                                                           Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.4)                                                              α:100%    Failure                                                                             Failure                                                                 13.6                                                                                7.0 min.                                                                due   due to                                                                  to Chipping                                                                         Chipping             11   E    TiCN(4.1)                                                                           Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.6)                                                              α:100%    Failure after 20.8                                                            min.                                                                          due to Chipping                                                               (Milling)                  12   E'   TiCN(3.9)                                                                           Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.3)                                                              α:100%                                                                       TiN(0.2)                                                                            Granular                                                                           Failure after 17.7                                                            min.                                                                          due to Layer                                                                  Separation                                                                    (Milling)                  13   F    TiCN(4.4)                                                                           Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.4)                                                              α:100%                                                                       TiN(0.4)                                                                            Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                                                 1.0 min.                                                                            0.1 min.                                                                due to                                                                              due to                                                                  Chipping                                                                            Fracturing           14   G    TiCN(3.3)                                                                           Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.9)                                                              α:100%                                                                       TiN(0.3)                                                                            Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                                                 2.8 min.                                                                            0.2 min.                                                                due to                                                                              due to                                                                  Chipping                                                                            Fracturing           __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 6                                     __________________________________________________________________________                                                          Flank Wear                        Hard Coating Layer                          (mm)                              Innermost Layer                                                                        Inner Layer      Outer Layer                                                                            Outermost Layer                                                                        Con- Inter-                  Substrate                                                                          Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal      Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            tinuous                                                                            rupted             Type Symbol                                                                             sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                            Cutting            __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                        Cemented                                                                      Carbide                                                                       Cutting                                                                       Tools of                                                                      the                                                                           Invention                                                                     15   A    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:94%                                                                        TiN Granular                                                                           0.13 0                            (0.9)    (8.2)                                                                             Growth       (2.1)    (0.8)                            16   A    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:85%   0.15 0                            (0.5)    (5.5)                                                                             Growth       (6.1)                                     17   A    TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (200) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:100%                                                                       TiCN-                                                                             Granular                                                                           0.18 0                            (0.8)    (11.2)                                                                            Growth       (1.9)    TiN                                                                           (0.8)                            16   B    TiC-                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:100%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.16 0                            TiN      (6.3)                                                                             Growth       (2.0)    (0.5)                                      (1.5)                                                               19   B    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:73%   0.17 0                            (1.5)    (4.8)                                                                             Growth       (5.5)                                     20   C    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:55%                                                                        TiN Granular                                                                           0.17 0                            (0.1)    (10.2)                                                                            Growth       (1.2)    (0.3)                            21   C    TiC Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (200) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:62%                                                                        TiN Granular                                                                           0.20 0                            (0.4)    (5.5)                                                                             Growth       (1.0)    (0.5)                            22   D    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:73%   0.13 0                            (0.6)    (6.5)                                                                             Growth       (5.3)                                     23   D    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:62%   0.16 0                            (1.2)    (3.9)                                                                             Growth       (8.1)                                     24   D    TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:100%  0.17 0                            (0.6)    (7.8)                                                                             Growth       (2.4)                                     25   E    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:100%  0.13 (Mil-                        (0.3)    (4.0)                                                                             Growth       (0.6)                  ling               26   E    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:94%                                                                        TiN Granular                                                                           0.15 (Mil-                        (0.3)    (3.5)                                                                             Growth       (0.4)    (0.3)         ling               27   F    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:100%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.15 0.28                         (0.7)    (4.5)                                                                             Growth       (0.3)    (0.4)                            28   G    TiN-                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:94%                                                                        TiN Granular                                                                           0.14 0.27                         TiCN     (3.1)                                                                             Growth       (0.7)    (0.2)                                      (0.9)                                                               __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 7 (a)                                 __________________________________________________________________________                                                          Flank Wear                        Hard Coating Layer                          (mm)                              Innermost Layer                                                                        Inner Layer      Outer Layer                                                                            Outermost Layer                                                                        Con- Inter-                  Substrate                                                                          Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal      Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            tinuous                                                                            rupted             Type Symbol                                                                             sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                            Cutting            __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                        Cemented                                                                      Carbide                                                                       Cutting                                                                       Tools of                                                                      the                                                                           Invention                                                                     15   A    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α:100%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.39 0.53                         (1.0)    (8.1)            (2.0)    (0.8)    (Chipping)                                                                         (Chip-                                                                        ping)              16   A    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α:100%  0.43 0.50                         (0.5)    (5.3)            (6.0)             (Chipping)                                                                         (Chip-                                                                        ping)              17   A    TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:40%                                                                        TiCN-                                                                             Granular                                                                           0.51 0.58                         (0.7)    (11.4)           (2.1)    TiN      (Chipping)                                                                         (Chip-                                                          (0.7)         ping)              18   B    TiC-                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200) (220) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α:100%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                            Failure                      TiN      (8.4)            (1.9)    (0.4)    after                                                                              after 8.1                    (1.4)                                       min.                                                                               min.                                                                     to   due to                                                                   Layer                                                                              Layer                                                                    Separation                                                                         Separa-                                                                       tion               19   B    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α:100%  Failure                                                                            Failure                      (1.8)    (4.2)            (4.9)             after                                                                              after 7.5                                                                min.                                                                               min.                                                                     to   due to                                                                   Layer                                                                              Layer                                                                    Separation                                                                         Separa-                                                                       tion               20   C    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α:100%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                            Failure                      (0.1)    (10.0)           (1.1)    (0.3)                                                                             after 8.7                                                                          after 1.7                                                                     min.                                                                               min.                                                                     to   due to                                                                   Layer                                                                              Fractur-                                                                 Separation                                                                         ing                21   C    TiC Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200) (220) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:40%                                                                        TiN Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                            Failure                      (0.5)    (5.4)    (0.9)       (0.5)    after 10.8                                                                         after 3.7                                                                     min.                                                                               min.                                                                     to   due to                                                                   Layer                                                                              Fractur-                                                                 Separation                                                                         ing                22   D    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  CL:100%       Failure                                                                            Failure                      (0.4)    (6.7)            (5.0)             after                                                                              after                                                                    min.                                                                               10.1                                                                     to   due to                                                                   Chipping                                                                           Chip-                                                                         ping               23   D    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ:40%   Failure                                                                            Failure                      (1.1)    (3.8)            (8.2)             after                                                                              after 5.8                                                                min.                                                                               min.                                                                     to   due to                                                                   Chipping                                                                           Chip-                                                                         ping               24   D    TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α:100%  Failure                                                                            Failure                      (0.5)    (7.6)            (2.5)             after                                                                              after 7.6                                                                min.                                                                               min.                                                                     to   due to                                                                   Chipping                                                                           Chip-                                                                         ping               __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 7 (b)                                 __________________________________________________________________________                                                          Flank Wear                        Hard Coating Layer                          (mm)                              Innermost Layer                                                                        Inner Layer      Outer Layer                                                                            Outermost Layer                                                                        Con- Inter-                  Substrate                                                                          Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal      Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            tinuous                                                                            rupted             Type Symbol                                                                             sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                            Cutting            __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                        Cemented                                                                      Carbide                                                                       Cutting                                                                       Tools of                                                                      Prior Art                                                                     25   E    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α:100%  Failure after 26.7                (0.3)    (3.9)            (0.6)             min. due to                                                                   Chipping (Milling)      26   E'   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α:100%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           Failure after 23.3                (0.3)    (3.4)            (0.4)    (0.3)    min. due to Layer                                                             Separation                                                                    (Milling)               27   F    TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α:100%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                            Failure                      (0.6)    (4.4)            (0.4)    (0.4)                                                                             after 1.2                                                                          after 0.1                                                                     min.                                                                               min.                                                                     to   due to                                                                   Chipping                                                                           Fractur-                                                                      ing                28   G    TiN-                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α:100%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                            Failure                      TiCN     (3.2)            (0.8)    (0.3)                                                                             after 3.0                                                                          after 0.2                         (1.0)                                       min.                                                                               min.                                                                     to   due to                                                                   Chipping                                                                           Fracture           __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 8                                     __________________________________________________________________________            Hard Coating Layer                                                                                  First                                                                         Intermediate             Flank Wear             Sub-    Innermost Layer       Layer   Outer Layer                                                                            Outermost                                                                             (mm)r                  strate      Crystal                                                                           Inner Layer       Crystal Crystal  Crystal                                                                           Conti-                                                                            Inter-                  Sym-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Orienta-                                                                           Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            nuous                                                                             rupted             Type bol                                                                              sition                                                                            ture                                                                              sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          tion sition                                                                            ture                                                                              sition                                                                            ture sition                                                                            ture                                                                              Cutting                                                                           Cutting            __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                        Cemented                                                                      Carbide                                                                       Cutting                                                                       Tools of                                                                      the                                                                           Invention                                                                     29   A  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             0.15                                                                              0.19                       (0.9)                                                                             ular                                                                              (6.5)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (3.0)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.5)    (0.2)                                                                             ular                       30   A  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 85% 0.18                                                                              0.18                       (0.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (3.0)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (2.4)                                                                             ular                                                                              (6.0)                                   31   A          TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiCN-                                                                             Gran-                                                                             0.18                                                                              0.29                               (9.3)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (2.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.1)    TiN ular                                                                      (0.8)                          32   B  TiC-                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(200)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiN Gran                                                                              0.15                                                                              0.28                       TiN ular                                                                              (4.5)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (220)                                                                              (3.9)                                                                             ular                                                                              (1.7)    (0.2)                                                                             ular                               (1.1)                                                                 33   B  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 73% 0.19                                                                              0.20                       (1.6)                                                                             ular                                                                              (4.9)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (1.0)                                                                             ular                                                                              (4.0)                                   34   C  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 55%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             0.25                                                                              0.25                       (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (6.8)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (3.2)                                                                             ular                                                                              (1.2)    (0.3)                                                                             ular                       35   C  TiC Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(200)                                                                         TiN Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 62%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             0.25                                                                              0.25                       (0.7)                                                                             ular                                                                              (3.3)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (111)                                                                              (1.9)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.9)    (0.3)                                                                             ular                       36   D  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 73% 0.15                                                                              0.20                       (0.6)                                                                             ular                                                                              (3.6)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (2.8)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.2)                                   37   D          TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                         TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 62% 0.16                                                                              0.27                               (2.6)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (1.0)                                                                              ular                                                                              (8.0)                                       38   D  TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                               0.16                                                                             0.24                       (0.4)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.6)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (2.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.7)                                   39   E  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                              0.15                                                                              (Mill-                     (0.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.5)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (1.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.5)                ing)               40   E'         TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             0.14                                                                              (Mill-                             (2.7)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (1.6)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.3)    (0.2)                                                                             ular    ing)               41   F          TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                         TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiN Gran-                                                                             0.16                                                                              0.26                               (3.5)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (1.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.4)    (0.2)                                                                             ular                       42   G  TiN-                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             0.14                                                                              0.24                       TiCN                                                                              ular                                                                              (1.7)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (1.0)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.6)    (0.3)                                                                             ular                               (1.0)                                                                 __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 9 (a)                                 __________________________________________________________________________            Hard Coating Layer                                                                                  First                                                                         Intermediate             Flank Wear             Sub-    Innermost Layer       Layer   Outer Layer                                                                            Outermost                                                                             (mm)r                  strate      Crystal                                                                           Inner Layer       Crystal Crystal  Crystal                                                                           Conti-                                                                            Inter-                  Sym-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Orienta-                                                                           Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            nuous                                                                             rupted             Type bol                                                                              sition                                                                            ture                                                                              sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          tion sition                                                                            ture                                                                              sition                                                                            ture sition                                                                            ture                                                                              Cutting                                                                           Cutting            __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                        Cemented                                                                      Carbide                                                                       Cutting                                                                       Tools of                                                                      Prior Art                                                                     29   A  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (111)(200)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Gran-                                                                             0.43                                                                              0.54                       (1.0)                                                                             ular                                                                              (9.3)                                                                             ular (220)                                                                              (2.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.5)    (0.2)                                                                             ular                                                                              (Chip-                                                                            (Chip-                                                                    ping)                                                                             ping)              30   A  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (220)(200)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                              0.50                                                                              0.53                       (0.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (3.1)                                                                             ular (111)                                                                              (2.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.6)            (Chip-                                                                            (Chip-                                                                    ping)                                                                             ping)              31   A          TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (111)(200)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%                                                                       TiCN-                                                                             Gran-                                                                             0.50                                                                              0.48                               (9.5)                                                                             ular (220)                                                                              (2.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.1)    TiN ular                                                                              (Chip-                                                                            (Chip-                                                            (0.6)   ping)                                                                             ping)              32   B  TiC-                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (200)(220)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Gran-                                                                             Failure                                                                           Failure                    TiN ular                                                                              (4.7)                                                                             ular (111)                                                                              (4.0)                                                                             ular                                                                              (1.8)    (0.2)                                                                             ular                                                                              after                                                                             after 8.8                  (1.2)                                          13.9                                                                               min.                                                                     min.                                                                               due to                                                                   due                                                                               Layer                                                                     Layer                                                                             Separa-                                                                   Separa-                                                                           tion                                                                      tion                   33   B  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (111)(200)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                              Failure                                                                           Failure                    (1.7)                                                                             ular                                                                              (4.8)                                                                             ular (220)                                                                              (1.2)                                                                             ular                                                                              (3.9)            after                                                                             after 6.2                                                                 11.1                                                                               min.                                                                     min.                                                                               due to                                                                   due                                                                               Layer                                                                     Layer                                                                             Separa-                                                                   Separa-                                                                           tion                                                                      tion                   34   C  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (220)(200)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Gran-                                                                             Failure                                                                           Failure                    (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.8)                                                                             ular (111)                                                                              (2.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (1.1)    (0.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              after                                                                             after 1.4                                                                 min.                                                                               min.                                                                     due                                                                               due to                                                                    Layer                                                                             Frac-                                                                     Separa-                                                                           turing                                                                    tion                   35   C  TiC Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (200)(220)                                                                         TiN Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             Failure                                                                           Failure                    (0.6)                                                                             ular                                                                              (3.2)                                                                             ular (111)                                                                              (1.8)                                                                             ular                                                                              (1.0)    (0.4)                                                                             ular                                                                              after                                                                             after 4.1                                                                 11.6                                                                              min.                                                                      min.                                                                              due to                                                                    due                                                                               Frac-                                                                     Layer                                                                             turing                                                                    Separa-                                                                       tion                   36   D  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (111)(200)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                              Failure                                                                           Failure                    (0.4)                                                                             ular                                                                              (3.5)                                                                             ular (220)                                                                              (2.9)                                                                             ular                                                                              (4.8)            after                                                                             after 9.2                                                                 18.5                                                                              min.                                                                      min.                                                                              due to                                                                    due                                                                               Chip-                                                                     Chip-                                                                             ping                                                                      ping                   37   D          TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (220)(200)                                                                         TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40% Failure                                                                           Failure                            (2.7)                                                                             ular (111)                                                                              (1.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (8.1)            after                                                                             after 6.4                                                                 16.8                                                                              min.                                                                      min.                                                                              due to                                                                    due                                                                               Chip-                                                                     Chip-                                                                             ping                                                                      ping                   38   D  TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (111)(200)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                               Failure                                                                          Failure                    (0.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.7)                                                                             ular (220)                                                                              (2.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.7)            after                                                                             after 8.2                                                                 14.7                                                                              min.                                                                      min.                                                                              due to                                                                    due                                                                               Chip-                                                                     Chip-                                                                             ping                                                                      ping                   __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 9 (b)                                 __________________________________________________________________________            Hard Coating Layer                                                                                  First                                                                         Intermediate             Flank Wear             Sub-    Innermost Layer       Layer   Outer Layer                                                                            Outermost                                                                             (mm)r                  strate      Crystal                                                                           Inner Layer       Crystal Crystal  Crystal                                                                           Conti-                                                                            Inter-                  Sym-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Orienta-                                                                           Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            nuous                                                                             rupted             Type bol                                                                              sition                                                                            ture                                                                              sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          tion sition                                                                            ture                                                                              sition                                                                            ture sition                                                                            ture                                                                              Cutting                                                                           Cutting            __________________________________________________________________________    39   E  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (220)(200)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                              Failure after                                                                 19.7                           (0.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.5)                                                                             ular (111)                                                                              (1.4)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.5)            min. due to Chip-                                                             ping (Milling)         40   E'         TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (111)(200)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Gran-                                                                             Failure after                                                                 19.3                                   (2.6)                                                                             ular (220)                                                                              (1.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.4)    (0.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              due to Layer                                                                   Separation                                                                    (Milling)             41   F          TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (220)(200)                                                                         TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α:100%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             Failure                                                                           Failure                            (3.4)                                                                             ular (111)                                                                              (1.4)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.3)    (0.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              after                                                                             after 0.1                                                                 min.                                                                              min.                                                                      due                                                                               due to                                                                    Chip-                                                                             Frac-                                                                     ping                                                                              turing             42   G  TiN-                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                              (111)(200)                                                                         TiC Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Gran-                                                                             Failure                                                                           Failure                    TiCN                                                                              ular                                                                              (1.9)                                                                             ular (220)                                                                              (1.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.7)    (0.2)                                                                             ular                                                                              after                                                                             after 0.3                  (0.9)                                          min.                                                                              min.                                                                      due                                                                               due to                                                                    Chip-                                                                             Frac-                                                                     ping                                                                              turing             __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 10                                    __________________________________________________________________________            Hard Coating Layer                          Flank Wear                Sub-                   Second                       (mm)                      strate  Inner Layer    Intermediate Layer                                                                      Outer Layer                                                                            Outermost Layer Inter-                   Sym-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Crystal    Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                             Continuous                                                                          rupted              Type bol                                                                              sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                         sition                                                                            Structure                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                           Cutting                                                                             Cutting             __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                        Cemented                                                                      Carbide                                                                       Cutting                                                                       Tools of                                                                      the                                                                           Invention                                                                     43   A  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                            0.15  0.17                        (8.4)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200) (0.1)     (2.0)    (0.5)                               44   A  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 85%   0.16  0.17                        (5.7)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200) (0.1)     (6.0)                                        45   A  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiCN-                                                                             Granular                                                                            0.15  0.19                        (11.4)                                                                            Growth                                                                             (200) (0.1)     (1.9)    TiN                                                                           (0.6)                               46   B  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(200)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                            0.14  0.20                        (8.2)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (220) (0.1)     (2.1)    (0.3)                               47   B  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                          TiCO                                                                              Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 73%   0.17  0.19                        (5.0)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200) (0.2)     (5.3)                                        48   C  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                          TiCO                                                                              Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 55%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                            0.18  0.21                        (10.2)                                                                            Growth                                                                             (200) (0.1)     (1.2)    (0.3)                               49   C  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(200)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 62%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                            0.22  0.23                        (5.4)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (111) (0.1)     (0.9)    (0.4)                               50   D  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                            0.13  0.18                        (6.5)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200) (0.1)     (5.4)    (0.2)                               51   D  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 62%   0.12  0.21                        (3.8)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200) (0.1)     (8.2)                                        52   D  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%  0.14  0.19                        (7.7)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200) (0.1)     (2.4)                                        53   E  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%  0.14  (Milling)                   (4.1)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200) (0.1)     (0.6)                                        54   E' TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                            0.16  (Milling)                   (4.0)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200) (0.1)     (0.5)    (0.3)                               55   F  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                          TiCO                                                                              Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                            0.12  0.18                        (4.4)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200) (0.1)     (0.3)    (0.3)                               56   G  TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                            0.13  0.17                        (3.0)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200) (0.2)     (0.7)    (0.2)                               __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 11 (a)                                __________________________________________________________________________            Hard Coating Layer                          Flank Wear                Sub-                   Second                       (mm)                      strate  Inner Layer    Intermediate Layer                                                                      Outer Layer                                                                            Outermost Layer Inter-                   Sym-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Crystal    Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                             Continuous                                                                          rupted              Type bol                                                                              sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                         sition                                                                            Structure                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                           Cutting                                                                             Cutting             __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                        Cemented                                                                      Carbide                                                                       Cutting                                                                       Tools of                                                                      Prior Art                                                                     43   A  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111)(200)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                            0.42  0.54                        (8.4)    (220) (0.1)     (2.1)    (0.4)     (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)          44   A  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220)(200)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%  0.47  0.51                        (5.5)    (111) (0.1)     (6.1)              (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)          45   A  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111)(200)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%                                                                       TiCN-                                                                             Granular                                                                            0.43  0.55                        (11.5)   (220) (0.1)     (1.8)    TiN       (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                                                    (0.7)                               46   B  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200)(220)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                            Failure                                                                             Failure                     (8.3)    (111) (0.1)     (2.0)    (0.3)     after                                                                               after 11.1                                                              min. due                                                                            min. due                                                                Layer to Layer                                                                Separation                                                                          Separation          47   B  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111)(200)                                                                          TiCO                                                                              Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%  Failure                                                                             Failure                     (4.8)    (220) (0.2)     (5.2)              after                                                                               after 7.8                                                               min. due                                                                            min. due                                                                Layer to Layer                                                                Separation                                                                          Separation          48   C  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220)(200)                                                                          TiCO                                                                              Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                            Failure                                                                             Failure                     (10.3)   (111) (0.1)     (1.3)    (0.2)     after                                                                               after 1.2                                                               min. due                                                                            min. due                                                                Layer to Layer                                                                Separation                                                                          Fracturing          49   C  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200)(220)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                            Failure                                                                             Failure                     (5.2)    (111) (0.1)     (0.9)    (0.5)     after                                                                               after 5.3                                                               min. due                                                                            min. due                                                                Layer to Layer                                                                Separation                                                                          Fracturing          50   D  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111)(200)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                            Failure                                                                             Failure                     (6.6)    (220) (0.1)     (5.5)    (0.3)     after                                                                               after 11.4                                                              min. due                                                                            min. due                                                                Chipping                                                                            to                                                                            Chipping            51   D  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220)(200)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%   Failure                                                                             Failure                     (3.7)    (111) (0.1)     (8.1)              after                                                                               after 8.5                                                               min. due                                                                            min. due                                                                Chipping                                                                            to                                                                            Chipping            52   D  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111)(200)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%  Failure                                                                             Failure                     (7.8)    (220) (0.1)     (2.3)              after                                                                               after 10.1                                                              min. due                                                                            min. due                                                                Chipping                                                                            to                                                                            Chipping            __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 11 (b)                                __________________________________________________________________________            Hard Coating Layer                          Flank Wear                Sub-                   Second                       (mm)                      strate  Inner Layer    Intermediate Layer                                                                      Outer Layer                                                                            Outermost Layer Inter-                   Sym-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Crystal    Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                             Continuous                                                                          rupted              Type bol                                                                              sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                         sition                                                                            Structure                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                           Cutting                                                                             Cutting             __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                        Cemented                                                                      Carbide                                                                       Cutting                                                                       Tools of                                                                      Prior Art                                                                     53   E  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220)(200)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%  Failure after 26.9                                                            min.                              (4.2)    (111) (0.1)     (0.5)              due to Chipping                                                                (Milling)                54   E' TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111)(200)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                            Failure after 24.2                                                            min.                              (4.0)    (220) (0.1)     (0.4)    (0.2)     due to Layer                                                                  Separation                                                                    (Milling)                 55   F  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220)(200)                                                                          TiCO                                                                              Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                            Failure                                                                             Failure                     (4.5)    (111) (0.1)     (0.3)    (0.4)     after                                                                               after 2.0                                                               min. due                                                                            min. due                                                                Chipping                                                                            to                                                                      Fracturing                56   G  TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111)(200)                                                                          TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                            Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                            Failure                                                                             Failure                     (3.2)    (220) (0.2)     (0.8)    (0.2)     after                                                                               after 0.7                                                               min. due                                                                            min. due                                                                Chipping                                                                            to                                                                      Fracturing                __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 12                                    __________________________________________________________________________            Hard Coating Layer                                                                                  First                                                                         Intermediate             Flank Wear             Sub-    Innermost Layer       Layer   Outer Layer                                                                            Outermost                                                                             (mm)r                  strate      Crystal                                                                           Inner Layer       Crystal Crystal  Crystal                                                                           Conti-                                                                            Inter-                  Sym-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Orienta-                                                                           Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            nuous                                                                             rupted             Type bol                                                                              sition                                                                            ture                                                                              sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          tion sition                                                                            ture                                                                              sition                                                                            ture sition                                                                            ture                                                                              Cutting                                                                           Cutting            __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                        Cemented                                                                      Carbide                                                                       Cutting                                                                       Tools of                                                                      the                                                                           Invention                                                                     57   A  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             0.13                                                                              0.14                       (1.0)                                                                             ular                                                                              (8.5)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.2)    (0.5)                                                                             ular                       58   A  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 85% 0.15                                                                              0.13                       (0.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.6)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (6.0)                                   59   A  TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiCN-                                                                             Gran-                                                                             0.14                                                                              0.15                       (0.8)                                                                             ular                                                                              (11.5)                                                                            Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (1.8)    TiN ular                                                                      (0.7)                          60   B  TiC-                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(200)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiN Gran                                                                              0.13                                                                              0.16                       TiN ular                                                                              (8.2)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (220)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.0)    (0.3)                                                                             ular                               (1.4)                                                                 61   B  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiCO                                                                              Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 73% 0.16                                                                              0.17                       (1.6)                                                                             ular                                                                              (4.9)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (0.2)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.1)                                   62   C  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                         TiCO                                                                              Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 55%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             0.17                                                                              0.19                       (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (10.1)                                                                            Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (1.1)    (0.3)                                                                             ular                       63   C  TiC Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(200)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 62%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             0.20                                                                              0.21                       (0.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.3)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (111)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.9)    (0.5)                                                                             ular                       64   D  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             0.12                                                                              0.15                       (0.6)                                                                             ular                                                                              (6.4)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.6)    (0.2)                                                                             ular                       65   D  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 62% 0.11                                                                              0.17                       (1.2)                                                                             ular                                                                              (3.8)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (8.3)                                   66   D  TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                               0.13                                                                             0.15                       (0.4)                                                                             ular                                                                              (7.8)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.5)                                   67   E  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                              0.12                                                                              (Mill-                     (0.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              (4.2)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.6)                ing)               68   E' TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             0.14                                                                              (Mill-                     (0.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              (4.1)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.4)    (0.3)                                                                             ular    ing)               69   F  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220)(111)                                                                         TiCO                                                                              Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiN Gran-                                                                             0.11                                                                              0.16                       (0.7)                                                                             ular                                                                              (4.6)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.3)    (0.5)                                                                             ular                       70   G  TiN-                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111)(220)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             0.11                                                                              0.15                       TiCN                                                                              ular                                                                              (3.1)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (200)                                                                              (0.2)                                                                             ular                                                                              (0.8)    (0.2)                                                                             ular                               (1.0)                                                                 __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 13 (a)                                __________________________________________________________________________            Hard Coating Layer                                                                                  First                                                                         Intermediate             Flank Wear             Sub-    Innermost Layer       Layer   Outer Layer                                                                            Outermost                                                                             (mm)r                  strate      Crystal                                                                           Inner Layer       Crystal Crystal  Crystal                                                                           Conti-                                                                            Inter-                  Sym-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Orienta-                                                                           Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                            nuous                                                                             rupted             Type bol                                                                              sition                                                                            ture                                                                              sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          tion sition                                                                            ture                                                                              sition                                                                            ture sition                                                                            ture                                                                              Cutting                                                                           Cutting            __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                        Cemented                                                                      Carbide                                                                       Cutting                                                                       Tools of                                                                      the                                                                           Prior Art                                                                     57   A  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111)(200)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Gran-                                                                             0.38                                                                              0.51                       (1.0)                                                                             ular                                                                              (8.4)    (220)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.1)    (0.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (Chip-                                                                            (Chip-                                                                    ping)                                                                             ping)              58   A  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220)(200)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                              0.41                                                                              0.49                       (0.6)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.3)    (111)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.9)            (Chip-                                                                            (Chip-                                                                    ping)                                                                             ping)              59   A  TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111)(200)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%                                                                       TiCN-                                                                             Gran-                                                                             0.40                                                                              0.54                       (0.7)                                                                             ular                                                                              (11.3)   (220)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (1.7)    TiN ular                                                                              (Chip-                                                                            (Chip-                                                            (0.6)   ping)                                                                             ping)              60   B  TiC-                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200)(220)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Gran                                                                              Failure                                                                           Failure                    TiN ular                                                                              (8.1)    (111)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.2)    (0.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              after                                                                             after                      (1.5)                                                                                                                        18.8                                                                              12.3                                                                       min.                                                                              min.                                                                     due                                                                               due to                                                                    Layer                                                                             Layer                                                                     Separa-                                                                           Separa-                                                                   tion                                                                              tion               61   B  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111)(200)                                                                         TiCO                                                                              Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                              Failure                                                                           Failure                    (1.6)                                                                             ular                                                                              (4.8)    (220)                                                                              (0.2)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.0)            after                                                                             after                                                                     15.1                                                                              8.6                                                                       min.                                                                              min.                                                                      due                                                                               due to                                                                    Layer                                                                             Layer                                                                     Separa-                                                                           Separa-                                                                   tion                                                                              tion               62   C  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220)(200)                                                                         TiCO                                                                              Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Gran-                                                                             Failure                                                                           Failure                    (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (10.2)   (111)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.0)    (0.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              after                                                                             after 1.7                                                                 min.                                                                              min.                                                                      due                                                                               due to                                                                    Layer                                                                             Frac-                                                                     Separa-                                                                           turing                                                                    tion                   63   C  TiC Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200)(220)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%                                                                       TiN Gran-                                                                             Failure                                                                           Failure                    (0.4)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.4)    (111)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (1.0)    (0.6)                                                                             ular                                                                              after                                                                             after                                                                     14.6                                                                                   5.9                                                                  min.                                                                              min.                                                                      due                                                                               due to                                                                    Layer                                                                             Frac-                                                                     Separa-                                                                           turing                                                                    tion                   64   D  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111)(200)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                              Failure                                                                           Failure                    (0.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (6.6)    (220)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (5.3)            after                                                                             after                                                                     21.4                                                                              12.3                                                                      min.                                                                                min.                                                                    due t                                                                               due to                                                                  Chip-                                                                                 Chip-                                                                 ping                                                                               ping              65   D  TiN Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220)(200)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40% Failure                                                                           Failure                    (1.3)                                                                             ular                                                                              (3.9)    (111)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (8.2)            after                                                                             after                                                                     19.5                                                                              9.3                                                                       min.                                                                              min.                                                                      due t                                                                                  due to                                                               Chip-                                                                             Chip-                                                                     ping                                                                              ping               66   D  TiCN                                                                              Gran-                                                                             TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111)(200)                                                                         TiCNO                                                                             Gran-                                                                             Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                               Failure                                                                          Failure                    (0.5)                                                                             ular                                                                              (7.7)    (220)                                                                              (0.1)                                                                             ular                                                                              (2.3)            after                                                                             after                                                                     17.1                                                                               10.8                                                                     min.                                                                              min.                                                                      due                                                                               due to                                                                    Chip-                                                                             Chip-                                                                     ping                                                                              ping               __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 13 (b)                                __________________________________________________________________________               Hard Coating Layer                                                                                      Second                                                                        Intermediate                                        Innermost Layer                                                                        Inner Layer      Layer                                           Sub-    Crystal  Crystal          Crystal                                     strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Struc-                                                                             Compo-                                                                            Struc-       Compo-                                                                            Struc-                               Type   Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            ture sition                                                                            ture Orientation                                                                           sition                                                                            ture                                 __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             67                                                                              E   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiCNO                                                                             Granular                             Cemented   (0.3)    (4.0)            (0.1)                                    Carbide                                                                            68                                                                               E' TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiCNO                                                                             Granular                             Cutting    (0.3)    (3.9)            (0.1)                                    Tools of                                                                           69                                                                              F   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiCO                                                                              Granular                             Prior Art  (0.7)    (4.5)            (0.1)                                         70                                                                              G   TiN-                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        TiCN     (3.3)            (0.2)                                               (1.0)                                                              __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer    Flank Wear                                              Outer Layer                                                                              Outermost Layer                                                                          (mm)                                               Substrate  Crystal    Crystal                                                                            Continuous                                                                          Interrupted                           Type   Symbol                                                                             Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                             Cutting                               __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             67                                                                              E    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%   Failure after 28.0 min.                     Cemented    (0.6)                 due to Chipping                             Carbide                           (Milling)                                   Cutting                                                                            68                                                                               E'  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%                                                                      TiN   Granular                                                                           Failure after 24.8 min.                     Tools of    (0.4)      (0.3)      due to Layer Separation                     Prior Art                         (Milling)                                        69                                                                              F    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%                                                                      TiN   Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                           (0.4)      (0.4)      after 2.5                                                                           after 0.2                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Chipping                                                                            Chipping                                   70                                                                              G    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%                                                                      TiN   Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                           (0.9)      (0.2)      after 5.7                                                                           after 0.9                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Chipping                                                                            Fracturing                            __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 14                                    __________________________________________________________________________               Hard Coating Layer                                                                             First    Second                                                               Intermediate                                                                           Intermediate                                    Sub-                                                                              Inner Layer      Layer    Layer                                           strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal      Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                              Type   Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                            __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             71                                                                              A   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                             Cemented   (6.3)                                                                             Growth       (3.2)    (0.1)                                    Carbide                                                                            72                                                                              A   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                             Cutting    (3.1)                                                                             Growth       (2.0)    (0.1)                                    Tools of                                                                           73                                                                              A   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                             the        (9.4)                                                                             Growth       (2.0)    (0.1)                                    Invention                                                                          74                                                                              B   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (4.6)                                                                             Growth       (3.8)    (0.1)                                         75                                                                              B   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                                        (4.8)                                                                             Growth       (1.4)    (0.1)                                         76                                                                              C   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (201)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                                        (6.6)                                                                             Growth       (3.1)    (0.2)                                         77                                                                              C   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiN Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (3.3)                                                                             Growth       (1.9)    (0.1)                                         78                                                                              D   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (3.5)                                                                             Growth       (2.9)    (0.1)                                         79                                                                              D   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (2.4)                                                                             Growth       (0.6)    (0.1)                                         80                                                                              D   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (5.5)                                                                             Growth       (2.6)    (0.1)                                         81                                                                              E   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (2.6)                                                                             Growth       (1.3)    (0.1)                                         82                                                                               E' TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (2.3)                                                                             Growth       (1.5)    (0.1)                                         83                                                                              F   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                                        (3.4)                                                                             Growth       (1.2)    (0.1)                                         84                                                                              G   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (1.9)                                                                             Growth       (1.0)    (0.2)                                    __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer    Flank Wear                                              Outer Layer                                                                              Outermost Layer                                                                          (mm)                                               Substrate  Crystal    Crystal                                                                            Continuous                                                                          Interrupted                           Type   Symbol                                                                             Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                             Cutting                               __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             71                                                                              A    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 94%                                                                       TiN   Granular                                                                           0.16  0.20                                  Cemented    (2.3)      (0.2)                                                  Carbide                                                                            72                                                                              A    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 85%    0.19  0.19                                  Cutting     (6.0)                                                             Tools of                                                                           73                                                                              A    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 100%                                                                      TiCN--                                                                              Granular                                                                           0.16  0.21                                  the         (2.1)      TiN                                                    Invention              (0.7)                                                       74                                                                              B    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 100%                                                                      TiN   Granular                                                                           0.15  0.23                                              (2.0)      (0.3)                                                       75                                                                              B    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 73%    0.19  0.21                                              (3.8)                                                                  76                                                                              C    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 55%                                                                       TiN   Granular                                                                           0.20  0.24                                              (1.0)      (0.3)                                                       77                                                                              C    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 62%                                                                       TiN   Granular                                                                           0.25  0.25                                              (0.8)      (0.5)                                                       78                                                                              D    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 73%                                                                       TiN   Granular                                                                           0.15  0.19                                              (5.2)      (0.5)                                                       79                                                                              D    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 62%    0.14  0.22                                              (8.0)                                                                  80                                                                              D    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 100%   0.15  0.21                                              (2.7)                                                                  81                                                                              E    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 100%   0.15 (Milling)                                          (0.5)                                                                  82                                                                               E'  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 94%                                                                       TiN   Granular                                                                           0.17 (Milling)                                          (0.4)      (0.2)                                                       83                                                                              F    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 100%                                                                      TiN   Granular                                                                           0.14  0.20                                              (0.4)      (0.3)                                                       84                                                                              G    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 94%                                                                       TiN   Granular                                                                           0.13  0.19                                              (0.8)      (0.3)                                                  __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 15(a)                                 __________________________________________________________________________               Hard Coating Layer                                                                             First    Second                                                               Intermediate                                                                           Intermediate                                    Sub-                                                                              Inner Layer      Layer    Layer                                           strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal      Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                              Type   Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                            __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             71                                                                              A   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                             Cemented   (6.2)            (3.2)    (0.1)                                    Carbide                                                                            72                                                                              A   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                             Cutting    (3.0)            (2.0)    (0.1)                                    Tools of                                                                           73                                                                              A   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                             Prior Art  (9.3)            (2.1)    (0.1)                                         74                                                                              B   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200) (220) (111)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (4.7)            (3.7)    (0.1)                                         75                                                                              B   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                                        (4.8)            (1.2)    (0.1)                                         76                                                                              C   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                                        (6.7)            (2.9)    (0.2)                                         77                                                                              C   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200) (220) (111)                                                                     TiN Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (3.2)            (1.8)    (0.1)                                         78                                                                              D   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (3.4)            (2.8)    (0.1)                                         79                                                                              D   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (2.4)            (1.3)    (0.1)                                         80                                                                              D   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (5.3)            (2.5)    (0.1)                                    __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer    Flank Wear                                              Outer Layer                                                                              Outermost Layer                                                                          (mm)                                               Substrate  Crystal    Crystal                                                                            Continuous                                                                          Interrupted                           Type   Symbol                                                                             Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                             Cutting                               __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             71                                                                              A    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%                                                                      TiN   Granular                                                                           0.43  0.53                                  Cemented    (2.5)      (0.3)      (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                            Carbide                                                                            72                                                                              A    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%   0.49  0.52                                  Cutting     (5.9)                 (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                            Tools of                                                                           73                                                                              A    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 40%                                                                       TiCN--                                                                              Granular                                                                           0.37  0.40                                  Prior Art   (2.2)      TiN        (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                                                   (0.6)                                                       74                                                                              B    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%                                                                      TiN   Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                           (1.9)      (0.2)      after 14.7                                                                          after 9.5                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Layer Layer                                                                   Separation                                                                          Separation                                 75                                                                              B    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%   Failure                                                                             Failure                                           (3.7)                 after 12.1                                                                          after 6.3                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Layer Layer                                                                   Separation                                                                          Separation                                 76                                                                              C    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%                                                                      TiN   Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                           (1.2)      (0.4)      after 6.8                                                                           after 1.2                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Layer Fracturing                                                              Separation                                       77                                                                              C    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 40%                                                                       TiN   Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                           (0.8)      (0.4)      after 11.9                                                                          after 4.4                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Layer Fracturing                                                              Separation                                       78                                                                              D    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%                                                                      TiN   Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                           (5.1)      (0.3)      after 18.6                                                                          after 9.5                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Chipping                                                                            Chipping                                   79                                                                              D    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    κ: 40%    Failure                                                                             Failure                                           (8.1)                 after 17.0                                                                          after 6.8                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Chipping                                                                            Chipping                                   80                                                                              D    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%   Failure                                                                             Failure                                           (2.6)                 after 15.9                                                                          after 8.4                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Chipping                                                                            Chipping                              __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 15(b)                                 __________________________________________________________________________               Hard Coating Layer                                                                             First    Second                                                               Intermediate                                                                           Intermediate                                    Sub-                                                                              Inner Layer      Layer    Layer                                           strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal      Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                              Type   Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                            __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             81                                                                              E   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                             Cemented   (2.4)            (1.5)    (0.1)                                    Carbide                         (Milling)                                     Cutting                                                                            82                                                                               E' TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                             Tools of   (2.5)            (1.4)    (0.1)                                    Prior Art                                                                          83                                                                              F   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                                        (3.3)            (1.3)    (0.1)                                         84                                                                              G   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (1.8)            (1.0)    (0.2)                                    __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer    Flank Wear                                              Outer Layer                                                                              Outermost Layer                                                                          (mm)                                               Substrate  Crystal    Crystal                                                                            Continuous                                                                          Interrupted                           Type   Symbol                                                                             Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Composition                                                                         Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                             Cutting                               __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             81                                                                              E    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%   Failure after 23.2 min.                     Cemented    (0.4)                 due to Chipping                             Carbide                                                                            82                                                                               E'  Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%                                                                      TiN   Granular                                                                           Failure after 20.1 min.                     Cutting     (0.4)      (0.2)      due to Layer Separation                     Tools of                          (Milling)                                   Prior Art                                                                          83                                                                              F    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%                                                                      TiN   Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                           (0.3)      (0.2)      after 1.6                                                                           after 0.1                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Chipping                                                                            Fracturing                                 84                                                                              G    Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                    α: 100%                                                                      TiN   Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                           (0.7)      (0.3)      after 3.5                                                                           after 0.3                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Chipping                                                                            Fracturing                            __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 16                                    __________________________________________________________________________               Hard Coating Layer                                                                                      First    Second                                     Innermost                 Intermediate                                                                           Intermediate                           Sub-                                                                              Layer    Inner Layer      Layer    Layer                                  strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal      Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                     Type   Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                   __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             85                                                                              A   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                    Cemented   (0.8)    (6.4)                                                                             Growth       (3.0)    (0.1)                           Carbide                                                                            87                                                                              A   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                    Cutting    (0.7)    (9.2)                                                                             Growth       (2.1)    (0.1)                           Tools of                                                                           88                                                                              B   TiC--                                                                             Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                    the        TiN      (4.7)                                                                             Growth       (3.8)    (0.1)                           Invention  (1.2)                                                                   89                                                                              B   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                               (1.5)    (4.8)                                                                             Growth       (1.2)    (0.1)                                90                                                                              C   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elonaged                                                                           (220) (111) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                               (0.1)    (6.7)                                                                             Growth       (3.0)    (0.2)                                91                                                                              C   TiC Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiN Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.7)    (3.2)                                                                             Growth       (1.7)    (0.1)                                92                                                                              D   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.6)    (3.6)                                                                             Growth       (2.8)    (0.1)                                93                                                                              D   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (1.0)    (2.3)                                                                             Growth       (1.2)    (0.1)                                94                                                                              D   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.4)    (5.4)                                                                             Growth       (2.5)    (0.1)                                95                                                                              E   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.3)    (.26)                                                                             Growth       (1.4)    (0.1)                                96                                                                               E' TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.3)    (2.5)                                                                             Growth       (1.5)    (0.1)                                97                                                                              F   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (220) (111) (200)                                                                     TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                               (0.5)    (3.2)                                                                             Growth       (1.4)    (0.1)                                98                                                                              G   TiN--                                                                             Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               TiCN     (1.9)                                                                             Growth       (1.0)    (0.2)                                      (1.1)                                                              __________________________________________________________________________                             Hard Coating Layer                                                                     Outermost                                                                              Flank Wear                                              Sub-                                                                              Outer Layer                                                                            Layer    (mm)                                                    strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Continuous                                                                          Interrupted                                Type   Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                             Cutting                      __________________________________________________________________________                  Coated                                                                             85                                                                              A   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.15  0.19                                       Cemented   (2.5)    (0.2)                                                     Carbide                                                                            86                                                                              A   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 85%  0.17  0.18                                       Cutting    (5.9)                                                              Tools of                                                                           87                                                                              A   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiCN--                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.15  0.20                                       the        (2.0)    TiN                                                       Invention           (0.6)                                                          88                                                                              B   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.14  0.22                                                  (1.9)    (0.2)                                                          89                                                                              B   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 73%  0.18  0.19                                                  (3.9)                                                                   90                                                                              C   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 55%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.18  0.23                                                  (1.1)    (0.3)                                                          91                                                                              C   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 62%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.23  0.24                                                  (0.8)    (0.5)                                                          92                                                                              D   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 73%  0.13  0.19                                                  (5.1)                                                                   93                                                                              D   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 62%  0.13  0.21                                                  (8.1)                                                                   94                                                                              D   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100% 0.14  0.20                                                  (2.8)                                                                   95                                                                              E   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100% 0.14 (Milling)                                              (0.5)                                                                   96                                                                               E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.16 (Milling)                                              (0.3)    (0.2)                                                          97                                                                              F   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.13  0.19                                                  (0.3)    (0.3)                                                          98                                                                              G   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.13  0.18                                                  (0.7)    (0.2)                                       __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 17                                    __________________________________________________________________________               Hard Coating Layer                                                                                      First    Second                                     Innermost                 Intermediate                                                                           Intermediate                           Sub-                                                                              Layer    Inner Layer      Layer    Layer                                  strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal      Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                     Type   Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                   __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             85                                                                              A   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                    Cemented   (0.9)    (6.0)            (3.3)    (0.1)                           Carbide                                                                            86                                                                              A   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                    Cutting    (0.4)    (3.2)            (2.0)    (0.1)                           Tools of                                                                           87                                                                              A   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                    Prior Art  (0.5)    (9.3)            (2.2)    (0.1)                                88                                                                              B   TiC--                                                                             Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200) (220) (111)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               TiN      (4.6)            (3.9)    (0.1)                                      (1.3)                                                                   89                                                                              B   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                               (1.6)    (4.7)            (1.3)    (0.1)                                90                                                                              C   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                               (0.1)    (6.5)            (3.0)    (0.2)                                91                                                                              C   TiC Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200) (220) (111)                                                                     TiN Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.8)    (3.1)            (1.8)    (0.1)                                92                                                                              D   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.5)    (3.4)            (2.9)    (0.1)                                93                                                                              D   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.9)    (2.5)            (1.3)    (0.1)                                94                                                                              D   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.5)    (5.5)            (2.4)    (0.1)                                95                                                                              E   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.3)    (2.5)            (1.4)    (0.1)                                96                                                                              E   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.3)    (2.4)            (1.5)    (0.1)                                97                                                                              F   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                               (0.4)    (3.3)            (1.3)    (0.1)                                98                                                                              G   TiN--                                                                             Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               TiCN     (1.8)            (1.1)    (0.2)                                      (1.0)                                                              __________________________________________________________________________                             Hard Coating Layer                                                                     Outermost                                                                              Flank Wear                                              Sub-                                                                              Outer Layer                                                                            Layer    (mm)                                                    strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Continuous                                                                          Interrupted                                Type   Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                             Cutting                      __________________________________________________________________________                  Coated                                                                             85                                                                              A   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.41  0.52                                       Cemented   (2.4)    (0.2)    (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                                 Carbide                                                                            86                                                                              A   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% 0.48  0.50                                       Cutting    (5.8)             (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                                 Tools of                                                                           87                                                                              A   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%                                                                       TiCN--                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.35  0.39                                       Prior Art  (2.2)    TiN      (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                                                     (0.7)                                                          88                                                                              B   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                               (1.8)    (0.2)    after 15.1                                                                          after 9.8                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Layer Layer                                                                   Separation                                                                          Separation                                      89                                                                              B   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% Failure                                                                             Failure                                               (3.8)             after 12.6                                                                          after 6.8                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Layer Layer                                                                   Separation                                                                          Separation                                      90                                                                              C   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                               (1.1)    (0.3)    after 7.1                                                                           after 1.5                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Layer Fracturing                                                              Separation                                            91                                                                              C   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                               (0.9)    (0.4)    after 12.5                                                                          after 4.7                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Layer Fracturing                                                              Separation                                            92                                                                              D   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% Failure                                                                             Failure                                               (5.0)             after 19.2                                                                          after 9.8                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Chipping                                                                            Chipping                                        93                                                                              D   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%  Failure                                                                             Failure                                               (8.2)             after 17.6                                                                          after 7.2                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Chipping                                                                            Chipping                                        94                                                                              D   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% Failure                                                                             Failure                                               (2.6)             after 16.3                                                                          after 8.7                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Chipping                                                                            Chipping                                        95                                                                              E   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% Failure after 23.7 min.                                     (0.5)             due to Chipping (Milling)                             96                                                                               E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           Failure after 20.7 min.                                     (0.3)    (0.2)    due to Layer Separation                                                       (Milling)                                             97                                                                              F   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                               (0.4)    (0.3)    after 1.8                                                                           after 0.1                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Chipping                                                                            Fracturing                                      98                                                                              G   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           Failure                                                                             Failure                                               (0.8)    (0.3)    after 3.9                                                                           after 0.4                                                               min. due to                                                                         min. due to                                                             Chipping                                                                            Fracturing                   __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 18(a)                                 __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer                                                                     Inner Layer                                                          Innermost                                                                              First    First Dividing                                                                         Second   Second                                Sub-                                                                              Layer    Divided Layer                                                                          Layer    Dividing Layer                                                                         Dividing Layer                        strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                   Type    Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                 __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                              99                                                                              A   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                  Cemented    (1.0)    (2.4)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.3)    (2.4)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)                         Carbide                                                                            100                                                                              A            TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                          Cutting              (3.0)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (3.0)                                                                             Growth                             Tools of                                                                           101                                                                              A   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                          the         (0.5)    (3.2)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (3.1)                                                                             Growth                             Invention                                                                          102                                                                              A   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                      (0.5)    (3.1)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (3.0)                                                                             Growth                                  103                                                                              B            TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                       (2.7)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (2.7)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)                              104                                                                              B   TiC--                                                                             Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                      TiN      (2.2)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.3)    (2.3)                                                                             Growth                                         (1.4)                                                                  105                                                                              B   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                              (1.6)    (3.4)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (2.6)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)                              106                                                                              C            TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                               (4.7)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (4.8)                                                                             Growth                                  107                                                                              C   TiC Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                              (0.5)    (1.1)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.1)    (0.8)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)                              108                                                                              C   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                              (0.5)    (2.5)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.3)    (2.3)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)                              109                                                                              D   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                      (0.6)    (3.2)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.3)    (3.2)                                                                             Growth                                  110                                                                              D   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                      (0.8)    (1.2)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (1.0)                                                                             Growth                                  111                                                                              D   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                              (0.6)    (2.0)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.3)    (1.8)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)                              112                                                                              D            TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                               (3.4)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (3.5)                                                                             Growth                             __________________________________________________________________________                                  Hard Coating Layer                                                            Inner Layer                                                                   Third    Third    Forth                                                   Sub-                                                                              Divided Layer                                                                          Dividing Layer                                                                         Divided Layer                                           strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                     Type    Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                 __________________________________________________________________________                      Coated                                                                              99                                                                              A   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                   Cemented    (2.4)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (2.3)                                                                             Growth                                      Carbide                                                                            100                                                                              A                                                                     Cutting                                                                            101                                                                              A                                                                     Tools of                                                                           102                                                                              A                                                                     the  103                                                                              B   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                     Invention   (2.6)                                                                             Growth                                                             104                                                                              B                                                                          105                                                                              B   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                 (2.8)                                                                             Growth                                                             106                                                                              C                                                                          107                                                                              C   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                 (1.0)                                                                             Growth                                                             108                                                                              C   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                 (2.4)                                                                             Growth                                                             109                                                                              D                                                                          110                                                                              D                                                                          111                                                                              D   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                               (1.9)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (1.7)                                                                             Growth                                           112                                                                              D                                                   __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 18(b)                                 __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer                                                                   First    Second                     Flank Wear                                Intermediate                                                                           Intermediate      Outermost                                                                              (mm)                           Sub-       Layer    Layer    Outer Layer                                                                            Layer    High-                                                                             Deep-                      strate                                                                            Inner Layer                                                                          Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Feed                                                                              cut                Type    Symbol                                                                            Orientation                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                           Cutting            __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                              99                                                                              A   (111) (220)     TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                           Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.15                                                                              0.15               Cemented    (200)           (0.1)    (2.5)    (0.2)                           Carbide                                                                            100                                                                              A   (220) (111)                                                                          TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                           Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.16                                                                              0.20               Cutting     (200)  (3.0)    (0.1)    (2.7)    (0.2)                           Tools of                                                                           101                                                                              A   (111) (220)                                                                          TiC Granular      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiCN--                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.17                                                                              0.18               the         (200)  (1.9)             (2.0)    TiN                             Invention                                     (0.6)                                102                                                                              A   (111) (200)                                                                          TiC Granular      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 73%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.21                                                                              0.19                           (220)  (3.0)             (2.7)    (0.2)                                103                                                                              B   (111) (220)     TiCO                                                                              Granular                                                                           Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100% 0.16                                                                              0.22                           (200)           (0.1)    (3.4)                                         104                                                                              B   (111) (200)                                                                          TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                           Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 73%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.15                                                                              0.17                           (220)  (3.8)    (0.1)    (1.9)    (0.2)                                105                                                                              B   (111) (220)     TiCO                                                                              Granular                                                                           Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 55%  0.20                                                                              0.16                           (200)           (0.1)    (3.3)                                         106                                                                              C   (220) (111)     TiCO                                                                              Granular                                                                           Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 85%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.20                                                                              0.21                           (200)           (0.1)    (1.5)    (0.2)                                107                                                                              C   (220) (200)                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                           Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 62%  0.24                                                                              0.20                           (111)  (1.8)    (0.1)    (0.8)                                         108                                                                              C   (111) (220)              Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.19                                                                              0.23                           (200)                    (2.6)    (0.5)                                109                                                                              D   (111) (220)     TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                                                           Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 73%  0.15                                                                              0.17                           (200)           (0.1)    (5.2)                                         110                                                                              D   (220) (111)                                                                          TiCN                                                                              Granular      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 62%  0.15                                                                              0.22                           (200)  (1.4)             (8.1)                                         111                                                                              D   (111) (220)              Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100% 0.16                                                                              0.19                           (200)                    (2.8)                                         112                                                                              D   (111) (220)                                                                          TiC Granular      Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 73%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.16                                                                              0.17                           (200)  (1.2)             (4.3)    (0.2)                           __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 19(a)                                 __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer                                                                     Inner Layer                                                          Innermost                                                                              First    First    Second   Second                                Sub-                                                                              Layer    Devided Layer                                                                          Dividing Layer                                                                         Divided Layer                                                                          Dividing Layer                        strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                   Type    Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                 __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             113                                                                              F   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                          Cemented    (0.4)    (1.6)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (1.5)                                                                             Growth                             Carbide                                                                            114                                                                              F   TiN--                                                                             Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                          Cutting     TiCN     (0.9)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.1)    (1.0)                                                                             Growth                             Tools of    (1.0)                                                             the  115                                                                              F            TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                  Invention            (1.9)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (2.0)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.3)                              116                                                                              F            TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                               (2.2)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.3)    (2.3)                                                                             Growth                                  117                                                                              G   TiC--                                                                             Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                              TiN      (1.1)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (1.1)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.1)                                     (0.9)                                                                  118                                                                              G            TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                               (3.4)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (3.3)                                                                             Growth                                  119                                                                              G   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                              (0.5)    (1.1)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.1)    (0.8)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)                              120                                                                              G            TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                               (1.7)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (1.6)                                                                             Growth                                  121                                                                              G            TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                               (2.2)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (2.0)                                                                             Growth                                  122                                                                              E   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                              (0.6)    (0.7)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (0.6)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)                              123                                                                              E   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                      (0.34)   (1.3)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.1)    (1.3)                                                                             Growth                                  124                                                                              E   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                      (0.3)    (1.8)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.1)    (1.7)                                                                             Growth                                  125                                                                               E'          TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                               (1.4)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.3)    (1.3)                                                                             Growth                                  126                                                                               E' TiC Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                      (0.7)    (1.5)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (1.6)                                                                             Growth                             __________________________________________________________________________                                  Hard Coating Layer                                                            Inner Layer                                                                   Third    Third    Forth                                                   Sub-                                                                              Divided Layer                                                                          Dividing Layer                                                                         Divided Layer                                           strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                     Type    Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                 __________________________________________________________________________                      Coated                                                                             113                                                                              F                     TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                   Cemented                      (2.3)                                                                             Growth                                      Carbide                                                                            114                                                                              F                                                                     Cutting                                                                            115                                                                              F   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                     Tools of    (1.9)                                                                             Growth                                                        the  116                                                                              F                                                                     Invention                                                                          117                                                                              G   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                 (1.0)                                                                             Growth                                                             118                                                                              G                                                                          119                                                                              G   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                 (1.0)                                                                             Growth                                                             120                                                                              G                                                                          121                                                                              G                                                                          122                                                                              E   TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                                                          TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Elongated                                               (0.6)                                                                             Growth                                                                             (0.2)    (0.7)                                                                             Growth                                           123                                                                              E                                                                          124                                                                              E                                                                          125                                                                               E'                                                                        126                                                                              E'                                                  __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 19(b)                                 __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer                                                                    First      Second                                                             Intermediate                                                                             Intermediate                                           Sub-        Layer      Layer                                                  strate                                                                            Inner Layer                                                                           Compo-                                                                              Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                              Crystal                                  Type    Symbol                                                                            Orientation                                                                           sition                                                                              Structure                                                                          sition                                                                              Structure                                __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             113                                                                              F   (220) (111) (200)                                                                     TiCN  Granular                                                                           TiCO  Granular                                 Cemented            (1.4)      (0.1)                                          Carbide                                                                            114                                                                              F   (111) (220) (200)  TiCNO Granular                                 Cutting                        (0.2)                                          Tools of                                                                           115                                                                              F   (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiCN  Granular                                            the                 (1.1)                                                     Invention                                                                          116                                                                              F   (111) (200) (220)                                                      117                                                                              G   (111) (220) (200)  TiCO  Granular                                                                (0.1)                                               118                                                                              G   (220) (111) (200)  TiCO  Granular                                                                (0.1)                                               119                                                                              G   (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiN   Granular                                                                (1.7)                                                          120                                                                              G   (111) (220) (200)                                                                     TiC   Granular                                                                           TiCNO Granular                                                     (2.9)      (0.1)                                               121                                                                              G   (220) (111) (200)                                                      122                                                                              E   (111) (220) (200)                                                      123                                                                              E   (220) (111) (200)                                                                     TiC   Granular                                                                           TiCNO Granular                                                     (1.4)      (0.1)                                               124                                                                              E   (111) (220) (200)  TiCNO Granular                                                                (0.1)                                               125                                                                               E' (220) (111) (200)                                                                     TiCN  Granular                                                                (0.8)                                                          126                                                                               E' (111) (220) (200)  TiCNO Granular                                                                (0.2)                                          __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer                                                                     Outermost                                                                              Flank Wear                                              Sub-                                                                              Outer Layer                                                                            Layer    (mm)                                                    strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Continuous                                                                          Interrupted                               Type    Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Cutting                                                                             Cutting                                   __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             113                                                                              F   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.14  0.18                                      Cemented    (0.2)    (0.2)                                                    Carbide                                                                            114                                                                              F   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.12  0.19                                      Cutting     (0.7)    (0.2)                                                    Tools of                                                                           115                                                                              F   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100% 0.13  0.25                                      the         (1.5)                                                             Invention                                                                          116                                                                              F   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.14  0.21                                                  (1.2)    (0.3)                                                         117                                                                              G   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 55%  0.12  0.20                                                  (0.5)                                                                  118                                                                              G   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.11  0.24                                                  (2.0)    (0.4)                                                         119                                                                              G   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 62%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.15  0.20                                                  (0.8)    (0.5)                                                         120                                                                              G   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 85%  0.14  0.19                                                  (1.2)                                                                  121                                                                              G   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100% 0.12  0.23                                                  (1.0)                                                             122     E   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.14 (Milling)                                              (0.8)    (0.3)                                                    123     E   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100% 0.15 (Milling)                                              (0.5)                                                             124     E   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.14 (Milling)                                              (0.4)    (0.2)                                                    125      E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 100% 0.15 (Milling)                                              (0.3)                                                             126      E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 94%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           0.14 (Milling)                                              (1.1)    (0.2)                                                    __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 20                                    __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer                                                                                      First    Second                                     Innermost                 Intermediate                                                                           Intermediate                           Sub-                                                                              Layer    Inner Layer      Layer    Layer                                  strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal      Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                    Type    Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                  __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                              99                                                                              A   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                              TiCNO                                                                             Granular                   Cemented    (1.0)    (9.5)                     (0.1)                          Carbide                                                                            100                                                                              A            TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                   Cutting              (6.1)            (2.8)    (0.1)                          Tools of                                                                           101                                                                              A   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                            Prior Art   (0.6)    (9.3)            (2.0)                                        102                                                                              A   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200) (220) (111)                                                                     TiC Granular                                        (0.5)    (6.0)            (3.0)                                        103                                                                              B            TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                              TiCO                                                                              Granular                                        (8.4)                     (0.1)                               104                                                                              B   TiC--                                                                             Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                           TiN     (6.6)         (3.6)       (0.1)                                           (1.5)                                                                  105                                                                              B   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200) (220) (111)                                                                              TiCO                                                                              Granular                               (1.7)    (8.7)                     (0.1)                               106                                                                              C            TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                              TiCO                                                                              Granular                                        (9.8)                     (0.1)                               107                                                                              C   TiC Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiN Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.4)    (2.5)            (1.8)    (0.1)                               108                                                                              C   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                           (0.5)    (7.7)                                                         109                                                                              D   TiN Grqanular                                                                          TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                              TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.6)    (6.3)                     (0.1)                               110                                                                              D   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiCN                                                                              Granular                                        (0.7)    (2.4)            (1.2)                                        111                                                                              D   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                           (0.5)    (8.2)                                                         112                                                                              D            TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                 (6.9)            (1.3)                                   __________________________________________________________________________                              Hard Coating Layer                                                                     Outermost                                                        Sub-                                                                              Outer Layer                                                                            Layer                                                            strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Flank Wear                                      Type    Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          (mm)                              __________________________________________________________________________                  Coated                                                                              99                                                                              A   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.57  0.53                                      Cemented    (2.3)    (0.2)    (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                                Carbide                                                                            100                                                                              A   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.61  0.52                                      Cutting     (2.8)    (0.2)    (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                                Tools of                                                                           101                                                                              A   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%                                                                       TiCN--                                                                            Granular                                                                           0.59  0.43                                      Prior Art   (1.9)    TiN      (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                                                     (0.6)                                                         102                                                                              A   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.60  0.57                                                  (2.5)    (0.3)    (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                                     103                                                                              B   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% 0.64  0.60                                                  (3.4)             (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                                     104                                                                              B   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.59  0.39                                                  (2.1)    (0.3)    (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                                     105                                                                              B   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% Failure after                                                                       Failure after                                         (3.2)             21.6 min.                                                                           21.6 min.                                                               due to Layer                                                                        due to Layer                                                            Separation                                                                          Separation                                     106                                                                              C   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           Failure after                                                                       Failure after                                         (1.6)    (0.2)    19.5 min.                                                                           20.8 min.                                                               due to Layer                                                                        due to Layer                                                            Separation                                                                          Separation                                     107                                                                              C   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%  Failure after                                                                       Failure after                                         (0.9)             15.1 min.                                                                           20.8 min.                                                               due to Layer                                                                        due to Layer                                                            Separation                                                                          Separation                                     108                                                                              C   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           Failure after                                                                       Failure after                                         (2.5)    (0.5)    19.5 min.                                                                           20.8 min.                                                               due to Layer                                                                        due to Layer                                                            Separation                                                                          Separation                                     109                                                                              D   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% 0.59  0.54                                                  (5.0)             (Chipping)                                                                          (Chipping)                                     110                                                                              D   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% Failure after                                                                       Failure after                                         (8.0)             13.9 min.                                                                           3.6 min.                                                                due to                                                                              due to                                                                  Chipping                                                                            Fracturing                                     111                                                                              D   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% Failure after                                                                       Failure after                                         (2.9)             12.4 min.                                                                           5.9 min.                                                                due to                                                                              due to                                                                  Chipping                                                                            Fracturing                                     112                                                                              D   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           Failure after                                                                       Failure after                                         (4.2)    (0.3)    11.5 min.                                                                           6.5 min.                                                                due to                                                                              due to                                                                  Chipping                                                                            Fracturing                  __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 21                                    __________________________________________________________________________                Hard Coating Layer                                                                                      First    Second                                     Innermost                 Intermediate                                                                           Intermediate                           Sub-                                                                              Layer    Inner Layer      Layer    Layer                                  strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal      Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                    Type    Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          Orientation                                                                           sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                  __________________________________________________________________________    Coated                                                                             113                                                                              F   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCO                                                                              Granular                   Cemented    (0.3)    (3.2)            (1.5)    (0.1)                          Carbide                                                                            114                                                                              F   TiN--                                                                             Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                              TiCNO                                                                             Granular                   Cutting     TiCN     (2.1)                     (0.2)                          Tools of    (0.9)                                                             Prior Art                                                                          115                                                                              F            TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                 (6.5)            (1.2)                                        116                                                                              F            TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200) (220) (111)                                                    (4.6)                                                         117                                                                              G   TiC--                                                                             Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                              TiCO                                                                              Granular                               TiN      (3.5)                     (0.1)                                      (1.0)                                                                  118                                                                              G            TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                              TiCO                                                                              Granular                                        (7.0)                     (0.1)                               119                                                                              G   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (200) (220) (111)                                                                     TiN Granular                                        (0.6)    (3.1)            (1.8)                                        120                                                                              G            TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                                        (3.3)            (2.8)    (0.1)                               121                                                                              G            TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                    (4.5)                                                         122                                                                              E   TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                           (0.5)                                                                  123                                                                              E   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiC Granular                                                                           TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.3)    (2.6)            (1.5)    (0.1)                               124                                                                              E   TiN Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                              TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.3)    (.35)                     (0.1)                               125                                                                               E'          TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (220) (200) (111)                                                                     TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                 (3.0)            (0.9)                                        126                                                                               E' TiC Granular                                                                           TiCN                                                                              Granular                                                                           (111) (200) (220)                                                                              TiCNO                                                                             Granular                               (0.8)    (2.9)                     (0.2)                          __________________________________________________________________________                              Hard Coating Layer                                                                     Outermost                                                        Sub-                                                                              Outer Layer                                                                            Layer                                                            strate                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Compo-                                                                            Crystal                                                                            Flank Wear                                      Type    Symbol                                                                            sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          sition                                                                            Structure                                                                          (mm)                              __________________________________________________________________________                  Coated                                                                             113                                                                              F   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           Failure after                                                                        Failure after                            Cemented    (0.2)    (0.2     13.6 min. due                                                                        8.0 min. due                             Carbide                       to Chipping                                                                          Fracturing                               Cutting                                                                            114                                                                              F   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           Failure after                                                                        Failure after                            Tools of    (0.7)    (0.2)    16.0 min. due                                                                        7.6 min. due                             Prior Art                     to Chipping                                                                          to Fracturing                                 115                                                                              F   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%  Failure after                                                                        Failure after                                        (1.5)             14.4 min. due                                                                        3.1 min. due                                                           to Chipping                                                                          to Fracturing                                 116                                                                              F   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           Failure after                                                                        Failure after                                        (1.2)    (0.3)    15.1 min. due                                                                        6.3 min. due                                                           to Layer                                                                             to Fracturing                                                          Separation                                           117                                                                              G   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% Failure after                                                                        Failure after                                        (0.5)             17.4 min. due                                                                        5.8 min. due                                                           to Layer                                                                             to Fracturing                                                          Separation                                           118                                                                              G   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% Failure after                                                                        Failure after                                        (2.0)    (0.4)    16.2 min. due                                                                        4.5 min. due                                                           to Layer                                                                             to Fracturing                                                          Separation                                           119                                                                              G   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%                                                                       TiN Granular                                                                           Failure after                                                                        Failure after                                        (0.8)    (0.5)    12.5 min. due                                                                        7.4 min. due                                                           to Layer                                                                             to Fracturing                                                          Separation                                           120                                                                              G   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% Failure after                                                                        Failure after                                        (1.2)             13.3 min. due                                                                        7.9 min. due                                                           to Layer                                                                             to Fracturing                                                          Separation                                           121                                                                              G   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  κ: 40%  Failure after                                                                        Failure after                                        (1.0)             17.6 min. due                                                                        5.2 min. due                                                           to Layer                                                                             to Fracturing                                                          Separation                                           122                                                                              E   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.41 (Chipping)                                             (0.8)    (0.3)    (Milling)                                            123                                                                              E   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% 0.37 (Chipping)                                             (0.5)             (Milling)                                            124                                                                              E   Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.33 (Chipping)                                             (0.4)    (0.2)    (Milling)                                            125                                                                               E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100% 0.38 (Chipping)                                             (0.3)             (Milling)                                            126                                                                               E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3                                                                  α: 100%                                                                      TiN Granular                                                                           0.36 (Chipping)                                             (1.1)    (0.2)    (Milling)                         __________________________________________________________________________

What is claimed is:
 1. A coated hard alloy blade member comprising:ahard alloy substrate selected from the group consisting of a WC-basedcemented carbide and a TiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating depositedon said substrate, said hard coating comprising an inner layer of TiCNhaving unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape and an outerlayer of Al₂ O₃ having a crystal form K or K+α wherein K>α, wherein saidhard coating further includes an innermost layer of one or more granularTiN, TiC, or TiCN formed underneath said inner layer, and wherein anX-ray diffraction spectrum of the TiCN in said elongated crystalscomprises diffraction peaks wherein the peak strength of a (200) TiCNplane is weaker than the peak strength of a (111) TiCN plane and weakerthan the peak strength of a (220) TiCN plane.
 2. A coated hard alloyblade member according to claim 1, wherein said hard coating furtherincludes an outermost layer of one or both of granular TiN or TiCNformed on said outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 3. A coated hard alloy blademember according to claim 2, wherein said hard coating further includesa second intermediate layer of one or both of TiCO or TiCNO formedbetween said inner layer of TiCN and said outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 4. Acoated hard alloy blade member according to claim 2, wherein said hardcoating further includes a first intermediate layer of one or more ofgranular TiC, TiN, or TiCN formed between said inner layer of TiCN andsaid outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 5. A coated hard alloy blade memberaccording to claim 4, wherein said hard coating further includes asecond intermediate layer of one or both of TiCO or TiCNO formed betweensaid first intermediate layer and said outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 6. Acoated hard alloy blade member according to claim 1, wherein said hardcoating further includes a first intermediate layer of one or more ofgranular TiC, TiN, or TiCN formed between said inner layer of TiCN andsaid outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 7. A coated hard alloy blade memberaccording to claim 6, wherein said hard coating further includes asecond intermediate layer of one or both of TiCO or TiCNO formed betweensaid first intermediate layer and said outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 8. Acoated hard alloy blade member according to claim 1, wherein said hardcoating further includes a second intermediate layer of one or both ofTiCO or TiCNO formed between said inner layer of TiCN and said outerlayer of Al₂ O₃.
 9. A coated hard alloy blade member according to claim1, wherein said inner layer of TiCN further includes one or more layersof TiN such that the inner layer is divided by the layers of TiN.
 10. Acoated hard alloy blade member according to claim 9, wherein said hardcoating further includes an innermost layer of one or more of granularTiN, TiC, or TiCN formed underneath said inner layer.
 11. A coated hardalloy blade member according to claim 10, wherein said hard coatingfurther includes an outermost layer of one or both of granular TiN orTiCN formed on said outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 12. A coated hard alloy blademember according to claim 11, wherein said hard coating further includesa second intermediate layer of one or both of TiCO or TiCNO formedbetween said inner layer of TiCN and said outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 13. Acoated hard alloy blade member according to claim 11, wherein said hardcoating further includes a first intermediate layer of one or more ofgranular TiC, TiN, or TiCN formed between said inner layer of TiCN andsaid outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 14. A coated hard alloy blade memberaccording to claim 13, wherein said hard coating further includes asecond intermediate layer of one or both of TiCO or TiCNO formed betweensaid first intermediate layer and said outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 15. Acoated hard alloy blade member according to claim 10, wherein said hardcoating further includes a second intermediate layer of one or both ofTiCO or TiCNO formed between said inner layer of TiCN and said outerlayer of Al₂ O₃.
 16. A coated hard alloy blade member according to claim10, wherein said hard coating further includes a first intermediatelayer of one or more of granular TiC, TiN, or TiCN formed between saidinner layer of TiCN and said outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 17. A coated hardalloy blade member according to claim 16, wherein said hard coatingfurther includes a second intermediate layer of one or both of TiCO orTiCNO formed between said first intermediate layer and said outer layerof Al₂ O₃.
 18. A coated hard alloy blade member according to claim 9,wherein said hard coating further includes an outermost layer of one orboth of granular TiN or TiCN formed on said outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 19. Acoated hard alloy blade member according to claim 18, wherein said hardcoating further includes a first intermediate layer of one or more ofgranular TiC, TiN, or TiCN formed between said inner layer of TiCN andsaid outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 20. A coated hard alloy blade memberaccording to claim 19, wherein said hard coating further includes asecond intermediate layer of one or both of TiCO or TiCNO formed betweensaid first intermediate layer and said outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 21. Acoated hard alloy blade member according to claim 18, wherein said hardcoating further includes a second intermediate layer of one or both ofTiCO or TiCNO formed between said inner layer of TiCN and said outerlayer of Al₂ O₃.
 22. A coated hard alloy blade member according to claim9, wherein said hard coating further includes a first intermediate layerof one or more of granular TiC, TiN, or TiCN formed between said innerlayer of TiCN and said outer layer of Al₂ O₃.
 23. A coated hard alloyblade member according to claim 22, wherein said hard coating furtherincludes a second intermediate layer of one or both of TiCO or TiCNOformed between said first intermediate layer and said outer layer of Al₂O₃.
 24. A coated hard alloy blade member according to claim 9, whereinsaid hard coating further includes a second intermediate layer of one orboth of TiCO or TiCNO formed between said inner layer of TiCN and saidouter layer of Al₂ O₃.
 25. A coated hard alloy blade member according toclaim 1, wherein said WC-based cemented carbide consists essentially ofW, C, 4-12% by weight of Co, 0-7% by weight of Ti, 0-7% by weight of Ta,0-4% by weight of Nb, 0-2% by weight of Cr, 0-1% by weight of N.
 26. Acoated hard alloy blade member according to claim 25, wherein themaximum amount of Co in a surface layer of the substrate ranging up to100 μm depth from a surface thereof is 1.5 to 5 times as much as theamount of Co in an interior 1 mm deep from the surface.
 27. A coatedhard alloy blade member according to claim 1, wherein said TiCN-basedcermet consists essentially of Ti, C, 2-14% by weight of Co, 2-12% byweight of Ni, 2-20% by weight of Ta, 0.1-10% by weight of Nb, 5-30% byweight of W, 5-20% by weight of Mo, 2-8% by weight of N, optionally nogreater than 5% by weight of at least one selected from the groupconsisting of Cr, V, Zr, and Hf.
 28. A coated hard alloy blade memberaccording to claim 27, wherein hardness in a surface layer of thesubstrate ranging up to 100 μm depth from a surface thereof is more than5% harder than hardness of an interior 1 mm deep from the surface.